Cov pej xeem ntawm Colorado qos qos beetle muaj lub peev xwm zoo heev los txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab, suav nrog ntau cov carbamate, organophosphate, pyrethroid, spinosyn, thiab neonicotinoid insecticides uas tau siv dav niaj hnub no.
Cov kab muaj peev xwm txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob vim tias cov kab no tau hloov mus rau qhov siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom glycoalkaloids hauv nws cov tswv Solanaceae. Qhov tseeb, cov kab no tau npaj ua ntej los tua cov co toxins ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej.
Dab tsi ntxiv, Colorado qos qos beetle tsim muaj ntau cov xeeb ntxwv, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab-resistant mutants. 50 qe rau ib tsob nroj sib npaug los ntawm 20 qos yaj ywm nroj tsuag ib daim av tuaj yeem tsim tau ib lab kab hauv ib tiam. Thiab feem ntau muaj ob lossis peb tiam ntawm kab ib lub caij.
Thaum cov tshuaj tua kab yog thawj zaug siv rau cov qoob loo, cov kab mob me me (tej zaum tsawg li ib ntawm 10 lab) tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob vim kev hloov pauv tsis sib xws. Yog hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus tua lawv, ob peb resistant mutants yuav yug me nyuam. Thiab ntau ntawm lawv cov xeeb ntxwv yuav tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov lus qhia rau kev tswj Colorado qos beetle thiab tiv thaiv kab mob tsis kam
Qos qoob loo rotation thiab spatial cais
Cov neeg laus beetles overwinter nyob rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los qos teb thiab tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau pub, mates thiab nteg qe. Cov larvae tawm ntawm cov qe, pub rau ib pliag, thiab tom qab ntawd poob rau hauv av kom pupate thiab pib lub voj voog dua. Tso cov qos yaj ywm xyoo no kom deb ntawm xyoo tas los ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov kab mus nrhiav zaub mov thaum lawv tawm.
Cov beetles tsuas yog noj rau cov qoob loo nightshade thiab cov nroj tsuag thiab tsis mus ntev. Rau lub tswv yim no ua haujlwm, cais thaj chaw tsawg kawg yog 0,25 mais.
Txau cov lus qhia
Qee cov tshuaj tua kab ua kom tsis zoo yog tias cov tshuaj tsuag yog acidic (xws li spinosad, spinetoram). Lwm tus pib deteriorate yog tias cov tshuaj yog alkaline nruab nrab (xws li phosmet). Qee cov tshuaj tua kab nrog adjuvants (xws li, abamectin thiab thiamethoxam) yuav tsum tsis txhob siv.
Cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob
Koj feem ntau yuav ua tiav kev kho tshuaj tua kab zoo dua yog tias koj tos kom cov larvae tshwm sim. Cov tshuaj tua kab feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv cov me me uas nyuam qhuav hatched. Nws feem ntau pom zoo kom foliar pub thaum nyob ib ncig ntawm 50% hatch. Siv tag nrho cov nqi (dosage) ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab uas teev rau ntawm daim ntawv lo kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Hloov cov tshuaj tua kab nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm
Kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab ib zaug (lossis ntau yam tshuaj tua kab nrog tib lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm) tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv lossis kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv Colorado qos beetle pejxeem. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau hloov cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm ntau pawg nrog rau txhua daim ntawv thov. Yog hais tias koj tsis tua cov resistant mutants nrog ib tug, tej zaum koj muaj peev xwm tswj lawv nrog ib tug tom ntej daim ntawv thov ntawm ib tug txawv kiag li insecticide.
neonicotinoid tshuaj tua kab
Ntau cov qos yaj ywm cog qoob loo qhia tau zoo heev Colorado qos beetle tswj thaum lawv siv neonicotinoids (IRAC pab pawg 4) thaum cog lossis hilling. Nws paub tias muab 80 mus rau 100 hnub ntawm kev tswj qhov seem. Tab sis raug rau cov tshuaj tua kab ntev ntev hauv cov nplooj tuaj yeem tsim kev xaiv muaj zog rau kev tiv thaiv. Muaj ntau cov neonicotinoid-resistant pejxeem nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab Midwest.
Extended diapause
Qee cov pej xeem ntawm Colorado qos beetle tsis txhob raug tshuaj tua kab los ntawm kev nyob hauv av ntev dua thiab ncua lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Qhov kev tawm tsam no yog hu ua ncua diapause. Qhov no yog lwm qhov laj thawj kom kaw qhov muag ze ntawm kab kab hauv cov qos yaj ywm. Koj tuaj yeem tsuag tsuas yog thaum muaj kab tsuag thiab tsis tsuag raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub.
Tus sau tsab xov xwm no yog Carrie Huffman Wohleb, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov qos yaj ywm, zaub, thiab noob qoob loo ntawm University of Washington.