Cov ntawv nyeem: Maria Rozhkova
Celery ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Russia tau txais lub zog
Txog rau tam sim no, petiole thiab hauv paus celery nyob rau hauv Russia tsuas yog loj hlob los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim kev lag luam - nws yuav nyuaj rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb me kom tiv taus kev sib tw nrog cov neeg tsim khoom txawv teb chaws. Tab sis, raws li lawv hais, yuav tsis muaj kev zoo siab, tab sis kev txom nyem tau pab: cov zaub mov embargo qhia nyob rau hauv teb rau anti-Lavxias teb sab kev rau txim txiav tawm cov mov ntawm celery los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws. Ua tsaug uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Lavxias tau them nyiaj rau cov qoob loo tshiab no rau lawv.
Ntawm chav kawm, Russia tseem nyob deb ntawm kev mus txog qhov ntim ntawm cov tsoos celery tsim lub teb chaws. Raws li Andrei Ivashkin, tus kws tshaj lij hauv paus thiab petiole celery thiab leeks ntawm Rijk Zwaan Rus tuam txhab, tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia hauv paus thiab petiole celery
Tsis pub ntau tshaj 300 hectares yog nyob, thaum nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tsuas petiole yog zus nyob rau hauv 16 txhiab hectares: 4,6 txhiab hectares nyob rau hauv ltalis, 3,1 txhiab hectares nyob rau hauv Fabkis, 2,1 txhiab hectares nyob rau hauv Spain (rau export rau lub UK) thiab txog 1,4 txhiab hectares nyob rau hauv Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Petiole celery kuj tseem nrov hauv Asmeskas, Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Israel thiab Scandinavian lub teb chaws.
Cog thaj tsam ntawm petiole thiab paus celery:
Russia 300 ha
Ltalis 4,6 txhiab hectares
Fabkis 3,1 txhiab hectares
Spain 2,1 txhiab hectares
Lub teb chaws Yelemees 1,4 txhiab hectares
Ib tug ntawm cov thawj loj hlob celery nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub qub Soviet Union yog Vladimir Matusevich, lub taub hau ntawm ua liaj ua teb "Maentak "Matusevichy" (Lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus, Minsk cheeb tsam). Nws nrhiav tau nws tsev neeg ua lag luam nyob rau hauv 1988. "Peb tau pib loj hlob tag nrho cov qoob loo uas tsis tshua muaj thiab tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm yav dhau los USSR uas tau paub ntev ntev nyob rau sab hnub poob - celery (hauv paus thiab petiole), leeks, txhua hom zaub qhwv (Savoy, zaub qhwv, zaub qhwv, Brussels sprouts. , kohlrabi) - txhua yam "ua rau cov neeg siv khoom xav tsis thoob," hais txog Vladimir Matusevich. "Tom qab ntawd tib neeg yeej xav sim kev ywj pheej thiab ntau yam sib txawv." Thaum xub thawj, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog nquag nquag, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws qeeb me ntsis - tib neeg tau txais txaus ntawm qhov xav tsis thoob thiab rov qab mus rau lawv cov tsoos zaub qhwv, hais tias lub taub hau ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb.
"Maentak "Matusevichy" tsuas yog 20-30 hectares ntawm thaj av. Ntawm cov no, tsis pub ntau tshaj 1,5-2 hectares tau nyob los ntawm celery nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo. "Yav dhau los, peb loj hlob hauv paus celery, tab sis nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los muaj teeb meem tshwm sim nrog nws muag, yog li yog tias peb cog celery, nws yog feem ntau stalked," hais tias Vladimir Matusevich. Tus neeg ua liaj ua teb tau sau tseg tias nws tsuas yog paub lwm tus neeg tsim khoom noj celery hauv thaj chaw ntawm Republic of Belarus. "Tab sis xyoo tas los no kuv tau hnov txog cov haujlwm loj heev hauv tebchaws Russia," nws hais.
Lub impetus rau industrial cultivation ntawm celery nyob rau hauv Russia, ntawm chav kawm, yog lub txim, Andrei Ivashkin ntseeg. "Cov kab lis kev cai no tau ntev tau nrov ntawm cov pej xeem vim nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig. Thiab yog hais tias yav tas los celery tau tsuas yog tuaj txawv teb chaws, tam sim no ntau thiab ntau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tsim nws hauv lawv cov teb, "nws hais. "Ua ntej kev rau txim, cov qoob loo no tsuas yog loj hlob los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov; tsis muaj kev faib tawm ntawm kev lag luam." Feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog nyob los ntawm petiole celery nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar Territory thiab Crimea, thiab cag.
Feem ntau zus nyob rau hauv Central Russia. Chereshkovy tsuas yog loj hlob hauv av qhib, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv av tiv thaiv siv hydroponics.
Celery ntau lawm tau txais koob meej txhua xyoo. "Qhov kev txaus siab loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo xws li celery yog txuam nrog kev sib kis loj, feem ntau hauv cov nroog loj hauv Lavxias, ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo (HLS), uas suav nrog kev suav nrog ntau cov qoob loo uas muaj calorie tsawg hauv cov zaub mov noj, "hais Sergei, General Director ntawm Phytosovkhoz Raduga. Kutko (Lub koom haum ntawm Crimea; zaub loj hlob). "Peb lub tuam txhab yog cov chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm ntau cov tshuaj ntsuab, yog li lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev saib xyuas tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tsis yog tshiab rau peb."
Lub taub hau ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, Vladimir Parkhomenko, piav qhia txog kev xaiv ntawm petiole celery raws li ib qho ntawm cov qoob loo tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab Agroleto (Krasnodar cheeb tsam) los ntawm kev xav tau los ntawm cov khw muag khoom loj, nrog rau kev thov tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov koom tes ua lag luam kom loj hlob cov khoom no. . Agroleto yog tus tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm petiole celery hauv Russia. "Peb tau koom nrog kev cog qoob loo thiab ua ntej muag ntawm ntau cov qoob loo - radishes, leeks thiab petiole celery," hais tias Vladimir Parkhomenko. "Cov no yog cov qoob loo uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias txhua yam ua tiav kom raug: los ntawm kev xaiv ntau yam lossis hybrid hloov mus rau peb cov kev loj hlob tshwj xeeb, thiab xaus nrog kev ntxuav thiab ntim cov khoom, npaj txhij mus rau hauv txee tub yees."
Txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tab tom sim cog celery hauv lawv cov teb. Yog li, nyob rau hauv "Kev Ua Haujlwm Agro Union "Rau Niam Txiv" (Moscow cheeb tsam; loj hlob zaub xam lav ntawm 60 hectares, zaub qhwv, celery, leeks thiab lwm cov qoob loo hauv av qhib) xyoo no thawj cov qoob loo ntawm celery tau loj hlob thiab sau. Tag nrho cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv paus thiab petiole celery yog 4,2 hectares. "Peb siv zog ua hauj lwm nrog cov assortment kom ntau li ntau tau: cov neeg muas zaub xav tau cov qoob loo tshiab, peb tab tom sim loj hlob lawv," said tus thawj agronomist ntawm lub teb, Sergei Korolev. — Ib yam li tej kab lis kev cai tshiab, lawv ntshai tias yuav tsis muaj kev paub txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj xyoo tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev, yog li peb tuaj yeem hais tias peb nyiam cov qoob loo thiab peb npaj yuav nthuav dav thaj chaw hauv qab celery rau xyoo tom ntej. "
Seedlings yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov celery yog cog cov noob, vim tias qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom cog yuav txiav txim siab seb cov nroj tsuag loj hlob li cas, nco ntsoov Andrey Ivashkin.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog cov noob celery tsawg heev. "Raws li tib yam, cov qoob loo no nyuaj rau kev loj hlob los ntawm kev cog qoob loo ncaj qha," ceeb toom tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm Rijk Zwaan Rus, "cov noob me me germinate maj mam."
Feem ntau, celery yog cog rau ntau lub sijhawm: cov noob tuaj yeem cog rau hauv av qhib los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Tsib Hlis mus txog Lub Xya Hli. Nov yog qhov lawv ua ntawm Mayontak Matusevichy. "Peb cog celery nyob rau hauv peb theem: peb tseb thawj pawg ntawm cov noob rau seedlings nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj, thib ob.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis, thiab thib peb thaum kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis, "hais qhia tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, Vladimir Matusevich. "Qhov no tso cai rau peb sau celery hauv Belarus txog thaum nruab nrab Lub Kaum Hli."
... muab cov qoob loo yog qhov nyuaj kom loj hlob los ntawm kev cog qoob loo ncaj qha, me me
noob germinate maj mam
Andrey Ivashkin hais tias "Lub algorithm rau kev loj hlob seedlings yog yooj yim thiab meej," hais tias Andrey Ivashkin. "Ua ntej lawv cog cov noob: lawv cog rau hauv lub thawv, tom qab ntawd lawv cog rau hauv lub thawv lossis khob, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv cog rau hauv av qhib." Noob rau seedlings feem ntau yog sown rau lub Peb Hlis 1, seedlings tshwm nyob rau hnub 10. Rau thawj 7 hnub tom qab no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tswj qhov kub ntawm 14-18 ° C kom cov yub tsis ncab.
"Txij thaum Lub Peb Hlis 17, nruab hnub kub tuaj yeem nce mus rau 21 ° C thiab hmo ntuj kub txog 15 ° C," nws hais ntxiv. - Yeej, thoob plaws lub sijhawm no, lub thawv nrog cov yub tau khaws cia hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab tsev cog khoom, feem ntau yog cua sov. Thiab thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1, thaum 2 nplooj tiag tiag tshwm sim, lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv cov ntawv ntim lossis khob nrog peat. " Lawv pib harden lub seedlings sab nraum zoov kwv yees li ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 5, thiab nyob rau lub 10th, thaum cov nroj tsuag muaj hnub nyoog 70-80 hnub thiab muaj 4-5 nplooj tiag tiag, lawv twb cog nyob rau hauv lub teb. Cov theem no thiab lub sijhawm yog qhov zoo rau ob qho tib si petiole thiab hauv paus celery.
Tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm Rijk Zwaan Rus kos xim rau qhov tseeb tias cov yub tiav yuav tsum tau yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm cov cassettes. Seedlings yog cog manually lossis siv cov cuab yeej hloov pauv. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob tob cov nroj tsuag ntau dhau, thiaj li tsis mus npog qhov loj hlob taw tes, hais tias Andrey Ivashkin. Feem ntau, los ntawm 1 mus rau 65 txhiab petiole celery nroj tsuag yog cog rau 110 hectare (nyob ntawm seb cov av thiab huab cua puag, muaj.
tsim nyog technology thiab kev lag luam xav tau).
Santiago Gaston, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm celery ntawm Rijk Zwaan Iberica hais tias "Cov qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob loo," hais Santiago Gaston, tus kws tshaj lij celery ntawm Rijk Zwaan Iberica. - Spain yog tus tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws
petiole celery nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no-caij nplooj ntoos hlav voj voog thiab khoom siv rau ntau European lag luam - Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis, thiab sab qaum teb Europe. Hauv Spain, celery seedlings yog zus nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tsev cog khoom nroj tsuag. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau txais cov nroj tsuag tawv tawv ntawm qhov loj, npaj rau cog (55-65 hnub ntawm lub caij loj hlob). Peb ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb nrog precision primed stalk celery noob. Xws li cov noob germinate sai dua thiab yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv lub yub compartment, uas txo tau lub sij hawm kom tau zoo zoo seedlings. "
Thaj chaw rau celery yog npaj ua ntej kom tsis muaj nroj tsuag. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws predecessors yog cov qoob loo rau cov organic chiv tau thov - cabbage. Tom qab cog seedlings nyob rau hauv lub teb, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los siv kev loj hlob stimulants, yog tias tsim nyog. Lub caij loj hlob ntawm cov qoob loo no yog 140-180 hnub (los ntawm germination), thiab qhov nruab nrab yield ntawm petiole celery yog 40-70 t / ha. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov siab tshaj plaws
Cov txiaj ntsig tau sau tseg hauv Asmeskas - 96 t / ha.
Celery yog sau thaum lub petioles ua ntom, tsis muaj voids. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum muaj sijhawm los tshem tawm ua ntej cov fibers ua tawv thiab ntxhib. Cov tua yog txiav manually nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb riam, cais lawv los ntawm lub hauv paus dab tshos ntawm av theem. Koj tuaj yeem ua kom luv cov nplooj saum toj. Rau kev muag khoom mus rau qhov kawg buyer, petiole celery yog txiav ntawm ib tug ntev petiole ntawm 27-35 cm thiab ib tug luj ntawm 150 mus rau 800 g. Ua ntej muag, cov nroj tsuag yog ntxuav.
los ntawm ntau sab tua. Cov khoom lag luam muaj xws li tshem tawm cov nplooj thiab cov petioles unripe, sizing, ntim thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees chav kom txias ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 ° C thiab cov txheeb ze av noo tsawg kawg yog 98%. Hauv cov ntim tshwj xeeb perforated, cov khoom no tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb rau 3-4 lub lis piam.
Thaum sau cov hauv paus celery, thawj zaug txiav tawm saum, tom qab ntawd khawb cov hauv paus qoob loo nws tus kheej (qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav mechanically). Andrei Ivashkin hais tias "Tom qab ntawd cov hauv paus hniav raug ntxuav thiab muab tso rau hauv lub thawv, uas yog khaws cia," hais tias Andrei Ivashkin. "Nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws cov hauv paus celery nrog cov hauv paus hniav kom cov kab mob tsis nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw txiav, thiab ua ntej xa mus rau tus neeg siv khoom, nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav, tshem tawm cov hauv paus hniav thiab polished, yog tias tsim nyog."
Nyob rau hauv tshav kub thiab av noo
Av thiab climatic tej yam kev mob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob celery. Andrey Ivashkin hais tias "Qhov zoo tshaj plaws av rau cov qoob loo no yog loam nrog dej zoo," hais tias Andrey Ivashkin. "Tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau sab qab teb lawv feem ntau siv cov dej ntws tawm." Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum loj hlob ntawm drip
Lub teeb xuab zeb av kuj tsim nyog rau kev ywg dej. Celery kuj qhia tau hais tias zoo tawm los ntawm loam, lub teeb loam thiab xuab zeb loam av. Quav av tau dej nyab nrog dej tsis haum rau cov qoob loo no, ceeb toom tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm Rijk ZWAAN RUS.
Raws li kev paub dhau los ntawm Sergei Korolev, tsuas yog thaj chaw zoo, tsis muaj dej nyab ntawm thaj av uas cov dej hauv av nyob ntawm qhov tob tob txaus tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob celery. Raws li tus thawj agronomist ntawm Farmers 'Agro Union "Rau Niam Txiv", kab lis kev cai yog qhov nyuaj heev vim
uas tsis nyiam qhov kub thiab txias hloov thiab yuav tsum tau ywg dej tas li thaum ntxov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab cog. "Rau celery, peb siv ob qho tib si overhead coil irrigation thiab drip irrigation," nws hais.
Celery tshwj xeeb Rijk Zwaan Iberica -
Santiago Gaston de Iriarte Dupui de Lome
"Celery yog cov qoob loo-hlub heev," Sergey sau tseg
Kutko los ntawm Raduga Phytosovkhoz. "Ntawm qhov tseeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub kub thaum Lub Xya Hli thiab Lub Yim Hli, cov dej ntws tau nce mus txog 250-300 m3 ntawm cov dej hauv ib hectare, thiab tag nrho lub caij cog qoob loo peb siv li 6-6,5 txhiab m3 ntawm dej ib hectare." Kev ua liaj ua teb siv cov dej saum npoo av nrog rau pem hauv ntej-hom sprinklers los ntawm Asmeskas chaw tsim tshuaj paus TL. "Peb ntseeg hais tias nyob rau sab qab teb, thaum loj hlob celery, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis tsuas yog muab cov nroj tsuag nrog ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm noo noo, tab sis kuj yuav txo tau qhov kub ntawm lub saum npoo huab cua txheej - qhov no ua rau kom zoo dua tsim ntawm petiole, qhov tsis muaj hollowness thiab woodiness, "piav qhia lub tuam txhab tus thawj coj.
Cov qoob loo no xav tau heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txuas ntxiv Andrey Ivashkin. Nws tau ceeb toom tias "Celery tuaj yeem tawg ntawm qhov kub qis dua 10 ° C lossis, hloov pauv, thaum kub nce siab, yog li nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov kub thiab txias," nws ceeb toom. "Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, celery zam Frost tsawg kawg -4 ° C. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau kev loj hlob yog los ntawm 17 mus rau 24 ° C." Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar Territory, qhov nruab nrab kub nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov yog kom meej meej siab, cov qoob loo no tau ntse zus.
Celery nyiam fertile
av - loam nrog zoo humus. Desired predecessors rau nws yog cucumbers thiab lwm yam.
qoob loo nyob rau hauv uas lawv coj
yam tsiaj txhu
Celery kuj tseem xav tau kev noj haus. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej xaiv zaub mov, tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm Rijk Zwaan Rus pom zoo ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam av los txiav txim siab seb yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau txhua qhov kev ua liaj ua teb. Thawj fertilizing feem ntau yog ua tiav rau hnub 20 tom qab cog cov noob, sau ntawv Andrey Ivashkin. Celery xav tau nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium thiab calcium, nrog rau cov kab mob. "Nroj tsuag
nws tus kheej taw qhia qhov tsis muaj microelements thiab cov as-ham. Yog li, yog tias koj pom qhov tsaus ntuj hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov petioles, nws txhais tau tias tsis muaj calcium txaus. Blackening ntawm cov tub ntxhais, ziab ntawm cov nplooj yau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub petiole celery nroj tsuag kuj qhia tau hais tias ib tug tseem ceeb boron deficiency. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov tsis muaj boron yog tias xim av pom ntawm qhov txiav ntawm cov hauv paus qoob loo (tom qab ntawd
voids tsim nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw), ”nws piav qhia. "Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txheeb xyuas av thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qoob loo tawm los thiab tshem tawm cov as-ham," suav nrog Vladimir Parkhomenko los ntawm lub tuam txhab Agroleto.
Ntawm Mayontak Matusevichy, tag nrho cov chiv chiv yog siv rau celery thiab ntsuab qoob loo: nitrogen, phosphorus thiab poov tshuaj. "Peb ua foliar fertilizing nrog boron thiab siv cov chiv ua ke," hais tias lub taub hau ntawm lub teb. "Peb kuj ua cov kev tiv thaiv - peb siv tshuaj tua kab mob ua ntej cog qoob loo." Cov tshuaj fungicides kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb - mus txog theem 6
nplooj. "Tau kawg, muaj teeb meem nrog cov kab mob, yog li kev kho mob tsim nyog," Vladimir Matusevich ntseeg.
Ib txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv celery los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag yog ua raws li kev cog qoob loo. Raws li Andrei Ivashkin, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, celery yuav tsum tau rov qab mus rau tib qhov chaw tom qab 3-4 xyoos.
Txij li thaum celery yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Umbelliferae, uas kuj muaj xws li carrots, dill, parsley, thiab parsnips, cov qoob loo no yuav tsum tau cog ib qho tom qab.
txwv tsis pub. "Celery nyiam cov av fertile - loam nrog zoo humus," Vladimir Matusevich qhia nws cov kev paub. - Kev ntshaw ua ntej rau nws yog cucumbers
thiab lwm cov qoob loo uas muaj cov organic ntxiv. Peb feem ntau cog tom qab cabbage, nyob rau hauv uas peb ib txwm ntxiv manure. " Kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv "Maentak "Matusevichy" yog yooj yim heev: "Peb muaj 20 hectares ntawm peb tus kheej arable av, peb xauj lwm 10 hectares. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov av tau ntse muab faib ua peb lub vaj huam sib luag: ntawm ib qho peb tseb nplej, ntawm lwm qhov - zaub qhwv, thiab peb - zaub ntsuab (celery, parsley, dill, spinach). Thiab xyoo tom ntej, es tsis txhob nplej, peb cog zaub qhwv, es tsis txhob zaub qhwv, ntsuab, thiab es tsis txhob ntsuab, nplej, "hais tias lub taub hau ntawm lub teb.
Sergei Korolev kuj hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau hloov cov qoob loo. "Peb muaj ib tug me me ua liaj ua teb - tsuas yog 120 hectares, yog li nws tseem tsis tau muaj peev xwm los npaj tag nrho cov qoob loo tig - qhov chaw tsis tso cai," yws tus thawj agronomist ntawm Farmers 'Agro Union "Rau Niam." - Peb xyaum
tig cov qoob loo kom txo tau cov kab mob tsawg. " Kev ua liaj ua teb tsis loj hlob carrots lossis lwm yam nroj tsuag umbelliferous; raws li, tsis muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cercospora blight, downy mildew thiab powdery mildew ntawm lwm cov qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov kab mob bacteriosis hauv thaj teb, thiab tseem tsis tau daws qhov teeb meem no, tu siab Sergei Korolev. Nws hais tias "Tau kawg, muaj ntau yam kab mob sib kis," nws hais. "Nws yog qhov tseeb los tawm tsam lawv tias cov kws tshaj lij agronomists xav tau."
Andrey Ivashkin ntseeg hais tias qhov kev ntsuas zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag. Piv txwv li, loj hlob resistant ntau yam thiab hybrids. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev npaj tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv rau cov qoob loo dhau los. Los ntawm txoj kev, celery feem ntau yog siv
Cov kev npaj tib yam li cov carrots tau pom zoo siv rau thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation.
Nws ntseeg tau tias agronomist qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb thaum loj hlob celery yog tswj cov kab tsuag xws li npauj thiab aphids. Koj tuaj yeem tua lawv siv cov tshuaj tua kab lossis tshuaj lom neeg - entomophages lossis kev npaj tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev xyaum, celery feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob ntau dua li cov kab tsuag. Cov kab mob feem ntau ntawm cov qoob loo no yog septoria ( cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo tsis muaj zog), cercospora, sclerotinia, rhizoctonia, thiab fusarium. Hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov kab lis kev cai petiole celery tau tshwm sim los ntawm phytoplasma aster yellowing (Lus Askiv: Aster Yellows (Phytoplasma), kis los ntawm kev nqus kab, feem ntau yog rau qhov chaw nplooj ntoos hlav. ntawm Russia, feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov - nruab nrab lub caij ntuj sov,
Tom qab pib sau cov qoob loo lub caij ntuj no, thaum kab mob kis mus rau zaub qoob loo hauv kev tshawb nrhiav zaub mov, qhov chaw kis kab mob. Feem ntau, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tiv thaiv celery los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kab tsuag kom tau txais cov khoom sib tw ntawm cov khoom zoo, sau ntawv Andrey Ivashkin.
Dab tsi mus ncig
Raws li qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 2018, 30 ntau yam ntawm nplooj thiab petiole thiab 31 ntau yam ntawm cov hauv paus celery tau suav nrog hauv Lub Xeev Kev Sau Npe ntawm Kev Loj Hlob tau pom zoo siv hauv Russia. Cov no yog cov ntau yam ntawm Dutch thiab Lavxias xaiv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov npe tau hloov kho tas li nrog ntau yam tshiab thiab hybrids.
Andrey Ivashkin ntseeg hais tias kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev xaiv cov hybrids uas haum tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam rau ib qho kev ua liaj ua teb. Ntawm cov kev cai tseem ceeb rau ntau yam thiab hybrids ntawm petiole celery, nws lub npe tiv thaiv kab mob thiab paj, tsis muaj fiber ntau (qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov petioles tsis nruj thiab ntxhib). Los ntawm txoj kev, buyers feem ntau nyiam tsaus ntsuab petioles, muaj kua thiab crispy.
Andrey Ivashkin sau tseg tias Dutch ntau yam thiab hybrids yog nrov ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Nws tau sau tias "Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov no: lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig siab dua, lawv tiv taus ntau dua rau cov kab mob thiab muaj lub sijhawm luv luv, "nws sau. "Thiab lwm qhov zoo nkauj ntawm Dutch ntau yam thiab hybrids yog ib qho me me ntawm sab tua lossis lawv qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab tiv thaiv huab cua tsis zoo."
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb sprouted noob nrog ib tug awakened embryo - primed, hais tias tus kws tshwj xeeb. Lawv sprout sai dua - twb nyob rau 4 hnub nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Muaj tseeb, lawv xav tau ntau dua ntawm kev cia khoom (lawv yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub tsis siab tshaj 5 ° C) thiab lawv muaj lub neej txee luv dua - los ntawm 3 mus rau 6 lub hlis. Andrey Ivashkin piav qhia tias "Lawv feem ntau yuav los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb loj vim tias lawv tau lees paub tias yuav tawg sai sai thiab sib npaug, ua rau cov khoom sib xws," piav qhia Andrey Ivashkin. "Cov neeg uas muaj thaj chaw loj feem ntau tsis xav muaj kev pheej hmoo, yog li lawv txaus siab yuav cov noob pov thawj." Tus kws tshaj lij ceeb toom tias, raws li cov qauv, cov noob germination yuav tsum siab tshaj 70%, thiab rau Dutch ntau yam thiab hybrids daim duab no feem ntau tsis qis dua 90-95%.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tsim khoom ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum muab qhov kev nyiam rau zoned ntau yam thiab hybrids los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom txhim khu kev qha suav nrog hauv kev sau npe, tus kws tshaj lij xaus lus.
Nrhiav koj tus neeg yuav khoom
Hauv txhua qhov kev ua liaj ua teb, qhov tseem ceeb yog kom loj hlob cov khoom zoo thiab npaj lawv cov muag. Raws li cov neeg koom ua lag luam, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev muag celery hauv xyoo tas los no. "Peb pom cov neeg yuav khoom rau tag nrho cov khoom lag luam tsim tawm," qhia tus thawj coj ntawm agronomist ntawm Farmers 'Agro Union "Rau Niam." "Peb thawj zaug sau los ntawm 4 hectares yog kwv yees li 140 tons." Kev ua liaj ua teb tsis ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog tes hauj lwm; nws muag tag nrho cov ntim rau cov muag khoom. Sergei Korolev hais tias "Qee ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom ua haujlwm nrog cov khw muag khoom, qee qhov nrog cov khw noj mov," Sergei Korolev hais. "Peb tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog cov tes hauj lwm, vim tias peb cov liaj teb me tsis tau npaj los muab kev thauj mus los."
Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus, kev siv yog kwv yees li qub. "Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1990s, peb muag peb cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub lag luam," nco qab Vladimir Matusevich. "Thiab tam sim no peb tab tom ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg muag khoom muag uas yuav cov khoom raws caij nyoog los ntawm peb, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj no xa cov khoom qub los ntawm txawv teb chaws." Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ntseeg tau tias: yog tias tus tsim khoom pom kev lag luam, ces nws tsim nyog loj hlob celery. "Peb muag peb cov khoom rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm $ 0,5-1 ib kilogram," Vladimir Matusevich txaus siab. "Tab sis rau kuv cov khoom lag luam tsis tseem ceeb: Kuv tau txais kev txaus siab los ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntau yam, thiab qhov no tseem ceeb dua," nws xaus lus.
Andrey Ivashkin ntseeg hais tias qhov chaw ntawm celery ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tsuas yog loj hlob tuaj. "Kev noj qab haus huv txoj kev ua neej nyob ruaj khov, thiab celery yog ib qho khoom noj zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem pom hauv yuav luag txhua yam khoom noj," nws hais. "Cov kab lis kev cai no muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj ntau cov vitamins, ntxhia ntsev, roj yam tseem ceeb, thiab phytoncides." Ntev npaum li kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev zoo nkauj nyob hauv kev zam, tib neeg yuav txuas ntxiv mus yuav celery, tus kws tshaj lij tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg.
Nrog rau txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov qoob loo no, coj mus rau hauv tus account tus nqi lag luam wholesale thoob plaws hauv lub khw, raws li qhov nruab nrab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 40-70 t / ha thiab ua tsaug rau qhov kev xav tau tas li los ntawm cov khw muag khoom, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm petiole celery nyob rau theem ntawm 50-100%, hauv paus - nyob rau theem ntawm 30-70%, summarizes Andrey Ivashkin