Maria Erokhova, junior researcher, department ntawm cov kab mob ntawm qos yaj ywm thiab zaub qoob loo, FGBNU VNII phytopathology
Maria Kuznetsova, Lub taub hau Department of Potato and Vegetable Crops Diseases, FGBNU VNII Phytopathologistsи
Qhov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb nrog kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshwj xeeb nrog chlorprofam, maj mam hloov. Hauv EU lub tebchaws, tom qab tshaj tawm ntawm European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) qhia txog chlorprofam (CIPC), kev siv cov tshuaj no. raug txwv.
Hauv qhov no, lo lus nug ntawm reorienting qos yaj ywm cia chaw rau lwm yam suppressants ntawm germination tshwm sim. Piv txwv li: hauv UK, chlorprofam, raws li AHDB (Agricultural thiab Horticultural Development Board), tau siv ntau tshaj 85% ntawm tag nrho cov qos yaj ywm cia. Kev txwv tsis pub siv nws tau pib siv Lub ib hlis ntuj 8 2020 xyoo, cov tswv ntawm cov chaw khaws cia tau ntsib nrog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov qos yaj ywm cia los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov khoom no, thiab qhov no tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim.
Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav los ntawm AHDB tau lees paub tias cov pob zeb yog permeable rau CIPC: cov seem ntawm chlorprofam thiab nws cov metabolite 3-chloaniline (3-CA) raug kho nyob rau hauv txhua chav uas siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob no, tsis hais qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj siv thiab cov tshuaj. tus naj npawb ntawm kev kho mob.
Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb tau tsim cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cov tswv cia yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm thaum ua kev ntxuav kom txo tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev xa rov qab ntawm chlorprofam thoob plaws hauv cov qos yaj ywm cia, nrog rau txo cov phytopathogen inoculum. :
- Txhua qhov chaw khaws cia uas siv chlorprofam yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom raws sijhawm, zoo dua tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov chaw raug tshem tawm ntawm cov qos yaj ywm tubers ntawm xyoo dhau los sau.
- Kev khaws cia yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom ua raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tsim nyog: koj yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab ceev faj thaum ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab.
- Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm txhua yam kev ua haujlwm tu, nrog rau cov duab (cov duab yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi, yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg tau ntxuav). Cov qos yaj ywm yuav tuaj yeem thov cov ntaub ntawv lees paub kev ua haujlwm tu.
- Kev ntxuav kom qhuav yuav tsum nyiam dua. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv dej tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas qhuav qhuav tsis yooj yim sua los yog tsis txaus. Nrog kev tu kom ntub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau, tsis txhob muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig.
- Kev tu cov dej num yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo, tsis txhob rov faib cov chlorprofam. Cov khoom xoob yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom sai li sai tau, nyiam siv cov khoom siv nqus tsev vacuum. Kev siv cov brooms thiab brooms ua rau cov hmoov av dispersion, uas ua rau kom rov faib cov kab ntawm chlorprofam hla qhov chaw.
- Kev khaws cia yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab (piv txwv li los ntawm lub ru tsev mus rau pem teb).
- Chlorprofam yog ib qho chaw nruab nrab tsis muaj zog, yog li yog tias lub khw tsis tau siv los khaws cov qos yaj ywm, nws yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov rooj thiab lub kaus mom qhib kom tso pa tawm hauv chav. Cov kav dej cua yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo los ntawm qhov cua los yog qhov cua zoo.
- Thaum ua tau, cov khib nyiab qhuav yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej thiab muab cov khoom xoob tshem tawm mus rau huab cua ntshiab kom lub hnub (UV), los nag, cua thiab kub kom tshem tawm cov chlorprofam.
- Thaum lub sij hawm tu, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj chlorprofam paug.
Tsis tas li ntawd, European Potato Value Chain cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim "Cov Lus Qhia rau kev siv cov kev ntsuas rau kev tu lub chaw cia kom txo tau nws cov kab mob sib kis nrog chlorprofam" hauv daim ntawv ntawm infographics (Daim duab 1).
Tab sis kev tu vaj tse tseem tsis yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Kev xaiv ntawm kev hloov pauv rau chlorprofam yog qhov nyuaj dua.
Raws li AHDB, tam sim no hauv UK nws raug tso cai thov raws li ib tug suppressant ntawm germination txiv neej acid hydrazide, peppermint roj thiab ethylene.
Nco qab tias maleic acid hydrazide tau siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv UK txij li thaum 1985 xyoo. Nws Nws yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag vegetative thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lawv active kev loj hlob, tsib lub lis piam ua ntej desiccation los yog ua ntej lub ntuj tuag tawm ntawm saum. Maleic acid hydrazide inhibits cell faib. Nws yog absorbed los ntawm nplooj thiab redistributed rau tubers. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub siab tshaj plaws npaum li cas ntawm residual tshuaj ntawm maleic acid hydrazide nyob rau hauv cov khoom kawg yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj. 50 mg / kg.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv cov txiv neej acid hydrazide feem ntau yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob: kev siv ntxov dhau tuaj yeem txo qhov ntim ntawm cov qoob loo, lig dhau lawm - yuav txo cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias txiv neej acid hydrazide zoo tshaj plaws siv rau lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm cov qos yaj ywm: qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm sprouting nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tsawg. Cov kws tshaj lij tau sau tseg tias kev kho mob nrog txiv neej acid hydrazide thaum tswj qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov chaw cia ntawm 7-10 ° C ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub germination ntawm qos yaj ywm npaj rau kev ua haujlwm rau 2-4 lub hlis.
Ethylene nquag siv hauv kev khaws cov qos yaj ywm hauv lub rooj (ntawm qhov kub qis, qis dua 5 ° C). Tab sis kom tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau kev ua, cov tshuaj tua kab mob no siv tsawg dua: cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nws tej zaum yuav ua rau discoloration ntawm nqaij ntawm qos yaj ywm chips thaum kib.
Txhawm rau kom txo qis kev loj hlob ntawm tubers nyob rau hauv ntau yam mus rau kev ua, British kws txawj pom zoo kom muab kev kho mob nrog rau txiv neej acid hydrazide nrog kev kho mob. peppermint roj thiab ethylene. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb nrhiav cov thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws rau kev coj ua kev kho mob ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob tseem niaj hnub ua.
Lub Rooj Sab Laj rau Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb thiab Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb yog koom tes hauv kev nthuav tawm los pab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nrhiav cov tshuaj tua kab mob los hloov chlorprofam.
Hauv particular, ib tug series ntawm thematic webinars, Cia Webinars, tau launched, qhov twg cov kws txawj tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lwm yam germination suppressants. Tsis tas li ntawd, UK Storage Network muab cov lus qhia pub dawb rau cov neeg cog qos yaj ywm uas them AHDB cov tswv cuab los tsim lub tswv yim chlorprofam-free qos yaj ywm cia.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev siv chlorprofam tseem tsis tau raug txwv, tab sis qhov xwm txheej yuav hloov pauv, uas cov neeg ua liaj ua teb Lavxias yuav ntsib teeb meem loj dua li cov neeg Askiv. Raws li "Cov Lus Qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj agrochemicals pom zoo siv hauv Lavxias Federation" rau xyoo 2020, cov txiv neej acid hydrazide tau pom zoo siv hauv cov khw muag khoom noj qos yaj ywm thiab zaub, tab sis ntau yam tshuaj hauv tsev yog nqaim dua hauv UK.
Feem ntau, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv qhov chaw khaws cov qos yaj ywm tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ua raws li cov ntsiab lus paub zoo ntawm kev sib xyaw qos yaj ywm cog thiab khaws cia.