Thaj Av: 18m wb. km
Cov neeg: 1 tus neeg, ntawm 197% yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog.
Thaj chaw: Lub koom pheej yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm East European Plain, feem ntau nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub Volga, nruab nrab ntawm nws tributaries lub Sura thiab lub Sviyaga.
Kev Nyab Xeeb temperate continental nrog nyias lub caij, yam ntxwv los ntawm frosty winters thiab kub summers. Dej nag feem ntau yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov (los ntawm 450 txog 550 mm ib xyoos).
Nyem: complex thiab varied. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub koom pheej muaj thaj chaw siab thiab kev nyuaj siab, tob ravines, dune toj, swampy lowlands.
Cov av: chernozems, grey hav zoov, sod-podzolic, ib nrab alluvial. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua liaj ua teb yog chernozems, tab sis lawv feem tsawg.
Thaj tsam ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb av: 934,6 txhiab his.
Lub koom pheej ntawm Chuvashia yog ib qho ntawm cov qos yaj ywm tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw uas tsis yog-Chernozem ntawm Russia, thiab ib txwm ua ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm Volga Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws District hais txog cov qos yaj ywm tag nrho. Cov khoom ntim ntau lawm yog ob npaug ntawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws.
Qos cog thaj tsam, txhiab ha | |||||
2019 xyoo | 2020 xyoo | 2021 xyoo | |||
K(F)X | Cov koom haum ua liaj ua teb | K(F)X | Cov koom haum ua liaj ua teb | K(F)X | Cov koom haum ua liaj ua teb |
3,28 | 3,14 | 2,41 | 2,62 | 2,54 | 2,46 |
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoos dhau los, cov nqi sau nyob rau hauv lub koom haum sector tau poob qis. Raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lwm thaj tsam ntawm Russia, overproduction ntawm qos yaj ywm tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv Chuvashia, cov nqi rau cov khoom poob mus rau theem ntawm tus nqi thiab hauv qab no, thiab ua liaj ua teb producers poob paj nyob rau hauv no qoob loo. Xyoo 2021, qhov kev thov rau cov qos yaj ywm tau pib loj hlob, tab sis huab cua tiv thaiv kev sau qoob loo zoo: thaj tsam loj hlob qos yaj ywm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kub ntxhov.
Tam sim no, kev ua lag luam yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus nqi zoo rau cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm qos yaj ywm thiab zaub. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ib co loj ua liaj ua teb tuam txhab uas muag txiav txim siab mus nce lub cog cheeb tsam.
Tag nrho sau ntawm qos yaj ywm, txhiab centners | |||||
K(F)X | Cov koom haum ua liaj ua teb | ||||
2019 xyoo | 2020 xyoo | 2021 xyoo | 2019 xyoo | 2020 xyoo | 2021 xyoo |
873,35 | 550,24 | 532,02 | 879,74 | 626,23 | 544,69 |
Qos yaj ywm yield, c/ha | |||
2019 xyoo | 2020 xyoo | 2021 xyoo | |
K(F)X | 267,8 | 228,3 | 241,8 |
Cov koom haum ua liaj ua teb | 283,3 | 239,6 | 222,6 |
Cov qos yaj ywm loj hlob lag luam
267 lub tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb tau koom nrog kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qos yaj ywm hauv tebchaws, ntawm 50 tuaj yeem faib ua qhov loj (tseem thaj tsam ntau dua 32 hectares).
Lub ntsiab ntau lawm yog concentrated nyob rau hauv Batyrevsky, Kozlovsky, Komsomolsky cheeb tsam nroog. Lawv suav txog 43,3% ntawm thaj tsam qos hauv cov khoom lag luam loj (2205 ha).
Cov qos yaj ywm loj tshaj plaws hauv lub koom pheej Chuvash tau raug suav hais tias yog pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab "Glory to the Potato" (tus thawj coj los ntawm Idiatullin Khasiyatulla Semigullovich). Kev siv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub ameliorative, kev siv cov khoom cog ntawm ntau dua reproductions ntawm high-yielding ntau yam ntawm domestic thiab txawv teb chaws xaiv - tag nrho cov no yog tus yuam sij rau kev vam meej qos yaj ywm ua lag luam rau 20 xyoo.
Tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm kev cog qoob loo hauv xyoo 2021 muaj txog 680 hectares.
Cov tuam txhab lag luam ntawm pawg tuam txhab tau muab cov chaw khaws cov qos yaj ywm niaj hnub nrog kev tswj hwm microclimate systems. Txhua xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Pawg Tuam Txhab, Hnub ntawm Qos Field yog tuav nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb, cov chaw muag khoom ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag, thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb.
Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm qos yaj ywm txhua xyoo tau faib rau hauv Peasant (ua liaj ua teb) kev lag luam ntawm Semenov Ivan Vasilyevich. Hauv xyoo 2021, cov liaj teb loj hlob qos yaj ywm ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 190 hectares. Lub tuam txhab nquag siv cov tshuab reclamation hauv nws txoj haujlwm, ua kom muaj peev xwm cia.
Ntawm cov thawj coj hais txog kev tsim cov qos yaj ywm hauv tebchaws, ib tus tuaj yeem sau npe Peasant (ua liaj ua teb) ua liaj ua teb ntawm Yamukov Gennady Nikolaevich, LLC Agrofirma Tayabinka, LLC Agrofirma Istok. Cov liaj teb siv cov thev naus laus zis siab, siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub.
Infrastructure
Feem ntau, cov koom pheej muaj peev xwm khaws cov qos yaj ywm. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm cov chaw cia khoom rau ib lub sij hawm cia yog 180 txhiab tons, uas muaj ntau tshaj qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub loj-scale sector. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum muaj cov chaw cia khoom uas tso cai rau kev khaws cia ntev (txog lub Plaub Hlis-Tsib Hlis) yam tsis muaj kev poob zoo.
Txhawb kev ntsuas
Txhawm rau txhim kho cov qos yaj ywm loj hlob hauv tebchaws, cov hauv qab no muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv xeev:
- kev them nyiaj ntawm ib feem ntawm cov nqi rau kev yuav cov noob qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo - txog li 80% ntawm cov nqi;
- tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv kev tsim cov qoob loo (ib 1 ha ntawm thaj chaw cog);
- cov nyiaj pab rau kev yuav cov tshuab ua liaj ua teb (nrog rau kev xauj tsev) - txog li 40% ntawm tus nqi;
- nyiaj pab rau kev yuav khoom ntawm cov av reclamation - txog li 50% ntawm cov nqi;
- kev txhawb nqa hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm los txhim kho av fertility - txog li 90% ntawm cov nqi;
- kev qiv nyiaj;
- kev them nyiaj ntawm 20% ntawm cov nqi ncaj qha tshwm sim rau kev tsim kho cov qos yaj ywm cia.
Kev cog qe thiab tsim noob
Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej Chuvash, kev ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tsim cov qos yaj ywm tshiab (cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture tau ua cov kev taw qhia no) thiab tau txais cov khoom siv noob zoo.
Cov pab pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab "Glory to Potato" tab tom ua ib qhov project los tsim ib qho kev xaiv thiab cog qoob loo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm LLC "Agrofirma" Glory to Potato - Yalchiki ". Cov nroj tsuag ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj rau microclonal propagation ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Agrofirma Glory to Potato - Yalchiki LLC tau ua tiav ua tiav kom tau txais cov khoom siv thawj zaug thiab thawj cov noob (microplants, minitubers, 1st teb tiam, super-superelite), cov neeg tseem ceeb noob qos yaj ywm (superelite, cov neeg tseem ceeb).
Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm, ASK-Yalchiki LLC loj hlob tshiab hauv tsev cog lus ntau yam: Meteor, Gulliver, Nplaim, Krasa Meshchery.
Cov npe ntawm cov noob qoob loo rau cov qos yaj ywm kuj suav nrog Chuvash Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb - ib ceg ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Siv Nyiaj Txiag Tshawb Fawb "FANC ntawm North-East muaj npe tom qab NV. Rudnitsky, LLC Agrofirma Slava Qos, LLC Agrofirma Tayabinka, LLC Agrokhmel. Cov ntawv sau npe yog tsim txhua xyoo los ntawm ceg ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Cov Nyiaj Txiag Nyiaj Txiag "Rosselkhoztsentr" hauv Chuvash Republic.
Lub cav thau khoom
Ntau cov qos yaj ywm ua lag luam ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws. Ntawm no, peb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov qos yaj ywm starch: NPO Promservis JSC (tsis yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab), Chuvashenkrakhmal LLC, thiab Poretsky Starch OJSC. Ob lub tuam txhab tsim cov qos yaj ywm qhuav: TAV LLC thiab K (F) Kh Gafarov I.T. Shemurshinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv.
Cov khoom yog muab los ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm cov qoob loo, mechanization, chemicalization thiab cog kev tiv thaiv ntawm Ministry of Agriculture ntawm Chuvash koom pheej.