Svetlana Konstantinova, Lub taub hau ntawm Qos Qis Qis thiab Noob Pab Pawg, Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture - ceg ntawm FGBNU FARC ntawm North-East
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture ua kev tshawb fawb txog kev yug me nyuam thiab cov noob qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo leguminous, cov nyom txhua xyoo, taum pauv, hops thiab qos yaj ywm.
Lub koom haum tau pib koom nrog qos yaj ywm hauv xyoo 2010, qhov no yog ib qho chaw me me ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau peb lub koom haum tshawb fawb thiab rau Chuvashia tag nrho. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Qos Tshawb Fawb Chaw muaj npe tom qab A.I. A.G. Lorkha: ntawm peb qhov kev txiav txim, lawv xa ib leeg-tuber hybrids nrog qee yam yam ntxwv sib txawv mus rau Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb.
Raws li txoj cai, peb thov kom ntxov thiab nruab nrab-thaum ntxov ntau yam, txij li thaum nruab nrab-lub caij ntau yam nyob rau hauv lub Volga-Vyatka cheeb tsam tsis tuaj yeem paub tag nrho lawv lub peev xwm vim huab cua, muaj cov huab cua thaum ntxov.
Yog tias peb tham txog qhov chaw, peb muab qhov kev nyiam rau ntau hom rooj, txawm hais tias kev ua lag luam maj mam hloov, cov neeg siv khoom pib txaus siab rau ntau yam rau kev sib sib zog nqus ua, ntim ntim. Peb coj mus rau hauv tus account xim ntawm tev thiab pulp, qhov tob ntawm lub qhov muag. Tam sim no ntau yam nrog cov tawv nqaij dawb thiab cov nqaij daj yog xav tau ntau dua, tab sis peb lossis plaub xyoos dhau los ntau yam nrog cov tawv nqaij liab thiab nqaij dawb tau nrov dua. Tsis tas li ntawd tseem ceeb heev yog tiv thaiv lig blight, Alternaria thiab lwm yam kab mob.
Los ntawm qhov tshwm sim hybrids, peb xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau peb cheeb tsam. Los ntawm xyoo thib ob ntawm kev cog qoob loo, peb xaiv cov qauv rau kev sim ua ntej (kev xaiv yog ua raws li ntau tshaj 50 yam: peb them sai sai rau lub compactness ntawm Bush, tus naj npawb ntawm tubers, thiab lwm yam). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thawj coj ntawm theem no txav mus rau qhov kev xeem tseem ceeb, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau cov kev sib tw. Cov kev xaiv uas thaum kawg qhia tau zoo dua nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog cov qauv uas muaj nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam, peb xa mus rau lub xeev ntau yam kev xeem. Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm ntev thiab siv zog heev.
Nyob rau hauv lub piggy bank ntawm breeders ntawm Chuvash tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, txog tam sim no tsuas muaj ib tug qos ntau yam - Avan (ib tug patent rau ib tug ua tiav kev yug me nyuam tau txais nyob rau hauv 2020). Avan los ntawm Chuvash txhais tau hais tias zoo, noj qab nyob zoo. Mid-thaum ntxov ntau yam, rau rooj siv. Nws muaj ib qho kev nthuav qhia zoo heev: daim tawv nqaij liab, nqaij yog dawb. Nyob rau hauv lub zes, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, los ntawm 8 mus rau 12 tubers loj (cov me me, hnyav dua 30 g, tej zaum yuav tsis yog kiag li).
Qhov ntau yam tsis zoo rau huab cua puag, muab cov qoob loo zoo nyob rau hauv qhuav xyoo thiab nyob rau lub caij nrog high humidity. Resistant mus rau phytophthora (xws li saum), vim cov tawv nqaij ntom ntom haum rau cov neeg kho tshuab sau.
Tab sis peb tsis nres. Hauv 2021, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib tw, 14 tus lej raug xaiv. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no peb cov kws tshaj lij yuav soj ntsuam seb cov kev nkag mus tau zoo li cas rau lub sijhawm khaws cia: cov uas germinated ntxov yuav raug tsis lees paub (xws li ntau yam yuav ua rau cov tuberization thib ob).
Ntxiv nrog rau kev yug me nyuam, Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture tau koom nrog hauv thawj cov noob qoob loo ntawm xya ntau yam qos yaj ywm: Zhukovsky thaum ntxov, Avan, Vineta, Siab tawv, Irbitsky, Vympel, Reggi.
Peb tsim cov khoom siv noob (cov neeg tseem ceeb qeb qos yaj ywm mus muag) feem ntau yog rau cov qos yaj ywm ua liaj ua teb ntawm Chuvash koom pheej, kuj tseem muaj cov neeg siv khoom tsis tu ncua hauv cheeb tsam Samara thiab koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan. Ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom muaj cov neeg ntiag tug (LPH).
Txog tam sim no, muaj ntau qhov ntim txaus rau txhua tus, txawm tias tam sim no, thaum tsis muaj ntau ntxiv txog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, peb muaj qee qhov cia. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias ob peb xyoos sib law liag tus nqi rau cov qos yaj ywm hauv ob qho tib si Russia thiab Kazakhstan tau qis heev, thiab ob peb tus neeg xav daws cov qoob loo no. Xyoo tas los, tus nqi ntawm qos yaj ywm tau nce, thiab qhov kev thov rau cov noob tam sim ntawd nce.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kuv xav tias, cov kev taw qhia yuav twv yuav raug hu tsim, muaj tag nrho cov sij hawm rau loj hlob noob qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws.