Qos yaj ywm yog ib qho ntawm cov qoob loo yooj yim tshaj plaws rau ntau yam kab mob. Kev nkag mus los ntawm nplooj, kab mob, fungal thiab kab mob sib sau ua ke hauv tubers dhau sijhawm thiab ua rau cov qos yaj ywm degeneration. Duab los ntawm Victor Bobyr
Cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Rosselkhoznadzor department rau Komi pom zoo kom siv cov noob qos ntau yam rau kev cog qoob loo uas muaj nyob rau hauv Lub Xeev Sau Npe ntawm Kev Ua Tau Zoo Tshaj Plaws, pom zoo siv rau hauv Russia thiab zoned rau thaj chaw huab cua.
Raws li GOST 33996-2016 "Cov noob qos yaj ywm. Cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev txiav txim siab zoo", cov noob qos yaj ywm tubers yuav tsum noj qab nyob zoo, tag nrho, nrog rau cov tawv nqaij muaj zog, zoo li cov duab thiab xim rau cov khoom siv sib xws, qhuav, tsis sprouted (thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav muag, tubers nrog sprouts tsis ntev tshaj 5 hli. tso cai).
Noob qos tubers tau muab faib ua pawg: super-elite, cov neeg tseem ceeb, tubers ntawm thawj, thib ob thiab thib peb kev yug me nyuam.
Superelite yog cov qos yaj ywm "huv" tag nrho, tsis muaj kev kis kab mob, loj hlob hauv qhov chaw kuaj mob los ntawm meristem. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv kim heev, uas feem ntau yuav los ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam rau kev tsim cov noob qos yaj ywm tom ntej thiab thawj cov qos yaj ywm.
Elite noob qos yaj ywm yog cov khoom cog zoo uas tsis muaj kab mob thiab kab mob. Nws yuav loj hlob mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag noj qab haus huv uas feem ntau teb rau kev saib xyuas zoo thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tubers zoo.
Thawj cov qos yaj ywm yog cov noob qos tau txais hauv thawj xyoo tom qab cog cov tubers tseem ceeb. Xws li cov khoom cog kuj muab cov qoob loo zoo, tab sis nws pib sau cov kab mob sai dua li cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv cov qos yaj ywm.
Qos yaj ywm ntawm qhov thib ob thiab thib peb reproductions kuj tsim ib tug zoo sau, tab sis tom qab ib xyoos los yog ob xyoos lawv tau muab faib ua "qos yaj ywm zaub mov", qhov twg yields poob, varietal yam ntxwv thiab kab mob tsis kam.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev cai yooj yim yog tsis ua kev yuav khoom hauv khw muag khoom lossis los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom tsis tau lees paub. Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev sib raug zoo (noob daim ntawv pov thawj) rau cov khoom, uas qhia lub npe ntawm ntau yam, qeb ntawm cov khoom cog (super-elite, cov neeg tseem ceeb), batch naj npawb, xyoo ntawm sau, batch hnyav, npe thiab chaw nyob. tus neeg muag khoom. Cov qos yaj ywm uas tau xaiv yuav tsum tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo hauv koj cheeb tsam (ntau yam bred nyob rau yav qab teb cheeb tsam tsis haum rau kev cog qoob loo hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb, thiab rov ua dua).
Cov tubers yuav tsum qhuav, txawm thiab du, kwv yees li tib yam nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab qhov hnyav, nrog elastic ntawm daim tawv nqaij (wrinkled daim tawv nqaij qhia tau hais tias tsis tsim nyog cia, uas yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau yield).
Cov noob qos yaj ywm zoo yuav tsum tsis muaj sprouts (thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, qee qhov ntawm lawv yuav twv yuav raug tshem tawm, uas yuav ua rau txo qis hauv kev tawm los); lub tubers yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kab nrib pleb, me ntsis, txiav los yog ib tug kab ntawm rot (rau cov zoo noob qos yaj ywm no yog tsis tsim nyog, vim hais tias xws li tubers tsis tuaj yeem suav hais tias noj qab nyob zoo cov khoom cog).
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob qos yaj ywm tsis pub muaj cov noob nroj tsuag uas muaj qhov tseem ceeb cais tawm rau Lavxias Federation, nrog rau cov kab tsuag thiab kab mob, uas suav nrog qos yaj ywm cancer, kab mob xim av rot, ceg dub, ntau hom mosaics, lig blight, dub scab. , qos yaj ywm smut, golden qos nematode thiab lwm yam.
Siv cov qos yaj ywm tubers uas tsis paub keeb kwm rau kev cog qoob loo, muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev qhia qee yam kab mob rau hauv koj cheeb tsam. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov qoob loo tsis zoo, nrog rau cov av paug.
Cia peb nco ntsoov koj tias cov neeg tau nyiaj tsawg ntawm cov tebchaws tuaj yeem tau txais nyiaj los yuav cov noob qos yaj ywm thiab zaub. Cov neeg uas cog qos yaj ywm rau ntawm lawv thaj av yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev txhawb nqa tshiab.
Ntawm lub portal rau pej xeem kev sib tham txog cov kev cai lij choj, Ministry of Labor, Employment thiab Social Protection tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv cov kev daws teeb meem uas qhia txog kev ntsuas kev txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo thiab txiav txim siab cov txheej txheem thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev them nyiaj.
Raws li txoj cai, cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm yuav raug hu ua "kev ua liaj ua teb thiab zaub zaub." Nws qhov loj me yuav yog 500 rubles. Cov tsev neeg thiab cov neeg nyob ib leeg uas tau lees paub tias tau nyiaj tsawg txij li lub Tsib Hlis 1, 2020 yuav suav tau tias tau txais cov nyiaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau qhia meej tias hauv tsev neeg tau nyiaj tsawg, 500 rubles yuav raug them rau txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg.
Cov chaw hauv zos rau kev muab kev pabcuam pej xeem hauv kev tiv thaiv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pej xeem yuav muab thiab hloov cov nyiaj them. Koj yuav tsum thov kev them nyiaj tsis pub dhau lub Rau Hli 30, 2020.
Txhawm rau muab cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm, koj yuav tsum xa daim ntawv thov mus rau lub chaw qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj ntawm cov av uas muaj los ntawm tsev neeg tau nyiaj tsawg lossis ib tus neeg nyob ib leeg, siv tas mus li, siv dawb, lub neej qub txeeg qub teg lossis xauj tsev. . Koj yuav tsum muab tus thawj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Daim ntawv pov thawj lees paub tsev neeg lossis ib tus neeg nyob ib leeg yog cov nyiaj tau los qis tsis raug xa mus. Cov chaw yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej no ntawm nws tus kheej.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev teem caij thiab kev them nyiaj lossis tsis kam lees yog ua nyob rau hauv tsib hnub ua haujlwm txij li hnub sau npe ntawm daim ntawv thov. Cov nyiaj yuav raug xa mus tsis pub dhau 10 hnub txij li hnub tau txiav txim siab muab cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm.