A.I. Polinova, D.R. Zagirova, L.Yu. Kokaeva, I.I. Busko, I. V. Levantsevich, S.N. Elansky
Xyoo tsis ntev los no, lub xeev phytosanitary ntawm cov qos yaj ywm thiab cov noob hauv noob tau pom muaj qhov tsis zoo nyob rau hauv Belarus. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm qee hom teeb meem muaj sia thiab lawv qhov sib piv hauv agrophytocenoses tau hloov pauv. Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm ntau tsis tsuas yog cov kab mob sib kis (lig blight, alternariosis, txhua yam scab, bacteriosis, qhuav fusarium rot) tau nce ntxiv, tab sis kuj tseem tshiab, tsis muaj kev kawm txaus, xws li mob viav vias dej (daim duab 1). Tus kab mob no, uas tshwm sim hauv Is Nrias teb, Central Asia thiab lwm lub tebchaws sab qab teb, tau sau tseg hauv thaj chaw Gomel, Brest, Grodno thiab Minsk ntawm Belarus. Zoo ib yam li lwm qhov av-oomycetes, P. qhov kawg ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau ntawm cov dej noo ntau heev - hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo, thaum muaj nag los ntev (Taylor li al., 2008).
Hauv Belarus, kev kis tus kabmob tau pom nyob rau xyoo nrog rau qhov kub nce ntxiv ntawm lub caij cog qoob loo: hauv qee cov qos yaj ywm, 8-10% ntawm cov tub tau raug cuam tshuam. Cov qhov txhab dej qhuav ntawm lub cev muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, uas yog los ntawm qhov tsis muaj ntau yam tsis kam, tsim kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm tus kab mob thaum lub raj muaj kev cuam tshuam (Zhuromskaya, 2003; Ivanyuk li al., 2005). Tus kab mob cuam tshuam tsuas yog tubers. Hauv Lavxias, qhov txhab viav vias yog tseem tsis tseem ceeb.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, peb tshawb nrhiav 4 kab kev ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov txhab viav viav vias viav vias los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov qos ntoo ntawm ntau yam Vektar Belorussian, Skarb thiab kev sib txuas lus sib xyaw ua ke hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm National Academy of Sciences ntawm Belarus rau Potato thiab Horticulture (Minsk cheeb tsam). Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb no yog txiav txim siab txog hom tsiaj ntawm tus kheej sib cais, lawv cov virulence hauv kev sib txuas nrog cov qos ntoo, txhawm rau soj ntsuam kev loj hlob ntawm cov huab cua sib txawv thiab tsis kam tiv thaiv cov hlau.
Lub mycelium ntawm cov cais tawm tau loj hlob ntawm cov kua ua kua nruab nrab (180 g ntawm khov ntsuab tev ntsuab yog rhaub rau 10 feeb hauv 1 litre ntawm cov dej distilled, tom qab ntawd lawv ua autoclaved rau 30 feeb ntawm 1 atm); DNA cais los ntawm nyias hom. Rau kev rho tawm DNA, khov mycelium tau triturated hauv kua nitrogen, lysed hauv CTAB tsis, thiab tom qab ntawd deproteinized nrog chloroform. Cov DNA tau khaws cia hauv dej deionized ntawm –20 ° С. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub nucleotide ua ntu zus ntawm cov tsiaj-tshwj xeeb cov cheeb tsam genome (thaj tsam ntawm nuclear ribosomal genes 18S thiab 5,8S, nrog rau kev sib tham sab hauv intergenic spacer ITS1), ua kom siv cov primers ITS1 thiab ITS2 (Dawb, 1990), tau qhia tias cov hom kev kawm tau koom nrog Pythium ultimum Trow hom. (synonym Globisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish).
Txhua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav cuam tshuam cuam tshuam hlais ntawm Gala qos qos muab tso rau hauv cov noo noo. Tsaus nti ua rau lawv, tom qab tig mus ua noo, tob tob rau qhov mob txhab (Daim duab 2). Kev kis tau tus kab mob yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev tso P. ultimum mycelium nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub tuber hlais.
Qhov inoculated tubs discs tau muab ncu ntawm + 22 ° C. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw muaj cuam tshuam tau sau tseg hauv thawj 2 hnub, tom qab ntawd thaj tsam ntawm lub rwj tseem nyob rau qhov tsis hloov.
Cov qauv no siv tau rau txhua tus neeg txawv kev kawm.
Kev loj hlob ntawm cov leeg tau kwv yees ntawm oat agar nruab nrab ntawm qhov kub ntawm 5, 15, 24, thiab 34 ° C (Daim Duab 3). Kev loj hlob raug pom ntawm txhua qhov kub; qhov siab tshaj plaws tau loj hlob tau sau tseg ntawm 24 ° C (lub khob 86 hli tau dhau mus ua tiav hauv 2 hnub). Thaum 15 thiab 34 ° C, qhov kev loj hlob tau qis dua qhov tseem ceeb (lub khob tau dhau ntawm 4 thiab 3 hnub, feem).
Hauv qhov kub thiab txias li ntawm 15, 24, thiab 34 ° C, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm txhua qhov kev kawm paub tsis txawv. Hauv qhov kub txog 5 ° C, lim P1 loj dua sai dua lwm tus (20 hli rau hnub 4), P4 - qeeb me ntsis (10 hli hnub 4), P2 thiab P3 xyaum tsis loj hlob.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov kub ntawm 24 ° C kev loj hlob tau pib tam sim ntawd tom qab cog rau ntawm cov zaub mov, thaum qhov kub ntawm 15 thiab 34 ° C muaj kev ncua sijhawm pib ntawm kev loj hlob mus txog 1 hnub, thiab ntawm 5 ° C - los ntawm 2 hnub.
Metalaxyl (thiab nws isomer mefenoxam) tau lees paub tias yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tswj ntawm av oomycetes. Metalaxil muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv tub ntxhais lub cev thiab muab (txawm tias ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj ntau) lawv cov kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev (Taylor li al., 2008, Bruin li al., 1982). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm metalaxyl txo qis zuj zus tom qab qhov tsos pom ntawm cov kab kev tawm tsam hauv cov neeg. Cov kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj peev xwm tau pom nyob hauv ntau thaj tsam hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas (Taylor et al., 2002). Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev tawm tsam ntawm Belarusian P. kawg cov leeg rau metalaxyl, thiab yog li ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab los kuaj lawv qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov haujlwm no.
Txoj kev kawm txog kev raug rau cov fungicide metalaxyl tau nqa tawm ntawm oat agar nruab nrab nrog ntxiv ntawm fungicide ntawm qhov sib txawv (Pobedinskaya, Elansky, 2014).
Cov neeg muaj kev tshawb nrhiav tau muaj qee qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsis kam nrog hlau hlau (Cov Lus 1). Yog li, ntawm lub siab fungicide ntawm 1 mg / L, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm P4 lim tso tseg tag nrho nres, thiab tus so ntawm cov leeg nqaij tau qeeb qeeb qeeb. Txoj hlab pa P1 thiab P2 loj hlob qeeb qeeb ntawm ib qho nruab nrab nrog kev xa xov hlau ntawm 10 mg / L. Kev txiav txim siab ua tau zoo ntawm EC50 (kev saib xyuas ntawm fungicide uas ua rau qeeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm txoj siv zog los ntawm 2 zaug piv rau kev tswj hwm) rau txhua txoj siv qis dua qis dua 1 mg / L. Yog li, txhua qhov tshawb xyuas kab mob raug tau rau metalaxyl; nws tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm P. ultimum.
Raws li Bruin li al. (Xyoo 1982) tom qab kev kho cov nroj tsuag thaum cog nrog metalaxyl ntawm ib koob ntawm 0,5 kg / Ha, qhov ntau zuj zus ntawm fungicide nyob rau hauv tub yog 0,055 μg / g hauv periderm, 0,022 μg / g hauv txheej cortical, thiab 0,034 μg / g hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus tuber. Raws li peb cov ntaub ntawv, qhov kev cia siab no ntawm metalaxyl tsis txaus ntseeg txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kabmob, tab sis nws tuaj yeem qeeb nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Thaum loj hlob ntawm oat nruab nrab, txhua hom teeb tsa ua oospores hauv monoculture (Daim Duab 4), uas yog feem ntau ntawm P. qhov kawg. Pairwise splicing ntawm hom pom pom tias tsis pom cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis sib haum - noj lub khob tau txhawm nrog mycelium.
Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais qhia tias P. qhov kawg tshaj plaws yog phytopathogen muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntau yam, suav nrog ntawm qhov kub cia ntawm 5 ° C. Nws yog virulent rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qos tubers thiab cov ntaub ntawv oospores muaj peev xwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntev ciaj sia taus. Yog li, hom kab yog qhov phom sij phytopathogen tuaj yeem ua kev hem thawj rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab xav tau kev kawm ntxiv.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau coj los nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb (qhov project N 14-50-00029).
Lub Rooj 1. Qhov rhiab ntawm P. qhov kawg ntawm txoj siv tau rau hlau
Lub strain | Kev siv hlau ntau, mg / l | ||
0 (tswj) | 1 | 10 | |
P1 | 63 | 6 | 0 |
P2 | 65 | 5 | 0 |
P3 | 59 | 0 | 0 |
P4 | 61 | 0 | 0 |
P1 | 105 | 10 | 3 |
P2 | 110 | 10 | 3 |
P3 | 95 | 0 | 0 |
P4 | 98 | 0 | 0 |
Kwv yees. Qhov ntsuas nruab nrab cov ntaub ntawv rau 3 ntsuas yog muab.
Cov ntsiab lus tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Kev Tiv Thaiv Qos Yaj Zwm" (No. 1, 2017)