Timiryazev Academy yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm rau kev yug me nyuam cov nroj tsuag hauv tebchaws Russia. Ntau pua ntawm cov qoob loo uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj kab mob-resistant ntau yam nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab lwm yam qoob loo ua liaj ua teb tau tsim nyob ntawm no. qoob loo Socrates Monakhos, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Kev Loj Hlob, Kev Loj Hlob, Kev Loj Hlob thiab Vaj Nroj Tsuag, Socrates Monakhos, tau hais txog yuav ua li cas kev ua haujlwm los tsim cov qoob loo zoo li no tau ua tiav hauv qhov kev tshaj tawm video tshiab "MAGnit: Txhua Yam Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tshuab".
Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb, ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb yog kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam tshiab thiab hybrids ntawm cabbage: "Cabbage yog peb cov qoob loo tseem ceeb, peb muaj kev vam meej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev yug me nyuam cov zaub tshwj xeeb no. Ntau tshaj 50 hybrids nyob rau hauv lub xeev sau npe, ntau tshaj 15 yog muaj rau cov noob qoob loo. "
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tsim cov hybrids lig-ripening ntawm dawb cabbage, uas muaj ib tug ntev txee lub neej. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau thaj tsam qaum teb ntawm Russia nrog huab cua txias.
Raws li Timiryazevka cov kws tshawb fawb, txhua txhua peb lub taub hau ntawm zaub qhwv noj los ntawm Muscovites nyob rau lub caij ntuj no yog cog los ntawm cov noob ntawm lawv xaiv. Cov hybrids nrov tshaj plaws yog Kolobok, Dominanta, Prestige, thiab Valentina.
Hybrid yug me nyuam los ua lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Niaj hnub no, kev tsim khoom lag luam feem ntau siv thawj tiam F1 hybrids. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov qhib-pollinated ntau yam nyob rau hauv cov noob caj noob ces thiab morphological homogeneity, nrog rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam zoo uas yuav tsis tau los ntawm qhib-pollinated ntau yam.
Ntau tshaj 200 cov noob tshiab lossis kev sib xyaw ua ke tau cog rau ntawm qhov chaw kawm. Cov no yog cov genotypes tshwj xeeb uas tsis tau muaj yav tas los. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov yam ntxwv. Kev yug me nyuam niaj hnub kuj tseem tsim cov genotypes uas tuaj yeem loj hlob nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab tsawg tsawg thiab lwm yam khoom tiv thaiv nroj tsuag.
Pua pua ntawm kev cog lus tshiab hybrid ob peb ua ke ntawm cabbage yog cog thiab kawm txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv kev yug me nyuam teb ntawm Timiryazevka. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas zoo dua rau cov uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib qho nyuaj ntawm kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Ib qho tseem ceeb niaj hnub no yog kev yug me nyuam ntawm ntau yam tsim nyog rau kev cog qoob loo ib puag ncig nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab tsawg. Thawj dos hybrid nyob rau hauv Russia resistant rau downy mildew twb tau tsim thiab xa mus rau lub khw. Qhov no yuav txo cov tshuaj tua kab ntawm cov khoom, av, dej thiab huab cua, txij li cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab kev ua liaj ua teb yuav tsis tau kho cov dos nrog tshuaj tsawg kawg tsib zaug.
Hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm hybrids thiab ntau yam, lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm F1 hybrids yog lawv genetic uniformity. Qhov no predetermines lub morphological uniformity thiab manufacturability ntawm ntau lawm. Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag ripen tib lub sijhawm, uas yog kev lag luam zoo rau cov neeg cog qoob loo. Thaum rau cov neeg nyiam ua vaj, nws yuav yog qhov nthuav ntau rau kev cog qoob loo uas muaj ntau yam.
Nyob rau ntawm Timiryazev Academy, lub tsev cog khoom yug me nyuam yog ib qhov chaw ntawm noob caj noob ces thiab tshiab technologies. Ntawm no cov nroj tsuag tau khaws cia rau hauv lub xeev cov noob thiab nws tus kheej-pollinated siv paj rwb ncoo kom tsis txhob hla-pollination. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov noob ntawm cov tiam tom ntej thiab loj hlob explants rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv hauv chav kuaj.
Kev cog qoob loo ntawm Timiryazev Academy tab tom ntsib nws theem thib peb ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Yog tias lub hom phiaj thawj zaug yog los tsim cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom noj, ces saib xyuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Tam sim no qhov tseem ceeb yog hloov mus rau ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov qoob loo cog.
Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, xws li kev yug me nyuam molecular thiab cell culture txoj kev, tuaj yeem ua kom cov txheej txheem yug me nyuam thiab ua kom muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov tuam txhab yug me nyuam. Lub Academy nquag siv txoj hauv kev los tsim cov haploids ob npaug, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov genotypes tshiab hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.
Dawb cabbage, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov flagships ntawm lub Academy txoj kev yug me nyuam, tau los ntev txoj kev loj hlob. Yog tias 50 xyoo dhau los, kev sau qoob loo tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog ib hlis thiab ib nrab vim qhov tsis sib xws, tab sis tam sim no, ua tsaug rau F1 hybrids, kev sau qoob loo sai thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
Lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem ua kev tshawb fawb txog cov nroj tsuag tiv taus ntau yam kab mob. Piv txwv li, zaub qhwv dawb tau txais cov noob tiv thaiv los ntawm nws cov txheeb ze ze, Ethiopian mustard. Qhov no txo qis kev siv tshuaj tua kab thiab ua rau cov khoom lag luam zoo ib puag ncig. Ib qho ntawm qhov kev ua tiav tshiab kawg yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob rau kev tiv thaiv clubroot, ib qho ntawm cov kab mob phem tshaj plaws rau cov nroj tsuag zaub qhwv, rau cov zaub qhwv dawb los ntawm turnips. Qhov kev vam meej no tau npaj yuav rov ua dua rau lwm cov brassicas xws li broccoli thiab kohlrabi.