Hauv 2022 lub caij ua liaj ua teb, thaj chaw hauv qab zib beets tseem yuav luag zoo ib yam li xyoo 2021, nthuav dav, raws li Rosstat, tsuas yog 2%. Cov huab cua nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov cheeb tsam uas cov cag qoob loo loj hlob yog qhov zoo rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov qoob loo qab zib los ntawm cov kab mob, Lub Yim Hli lub tuam txhab muab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nthuav dav ntawm cov tshuaj uas tau ua tiav cov kev sim, tiv thaiv cov kab mob zoo thiab pab ua kom cov qoob loo nce ntxiv.
Cov kab mob tseem ceeb ntawm qab zib beet ib txwm muaj xws li phomosis, fusarium blight, ramularia blight, alternaria blight, powdery mildew, thiab cercospora blight. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Russia niaj hnub no cov kab mob feem ntau thiab teeb meem yog cercospora thiab powdery mildew. Cov kab mob no txo cov yields, txo cov suab thaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qoob loo hauv paus thiab ua rau lawv lub peev xwm cia.
Lub causative tus neeg sawv cev ntawm powdery mildew tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tsob nroj nyob. Dawb plaque, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob, muaj mycelium ntawm fungus uas ua rau tus kab mob, spore- bearing outgrowths rau nws thiab spores rau asexual reproduction - conidia, uas muab ob peb tiam nyob rau hauv lub caij thiab kis cov nroj tsuag tshiab. Cov fungus yog khaws cia rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag residues, noob, thiab cov hauv paus qoob loo sab laug nyob rau hauv daim teb los ntawm xyoo tas los. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li kev ua liaj ua teb, tab sis nrog kev puas tsuaj loj, kev kho fungicide yog tib txoj kev txhim kho.
Cercospora blight cuam tshuam tsis tsuas yog qab zib beets, tab sis kuj muaj ntau lwm cov qoob loo thiab nroj tsuag. Nws tshwm ntawm nplooj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm puag ncig xim av me ntsis nrog ib tug liab los yog liab-xim av ciam teb. Cov kab mob overwinters raws li ib tug mycelium ntawm cov laus saum, ntawm pericarp ntawm cov noob, thiab hauv cov hauv paus hniav uterine. Tus kab mob no loj hlob zuj zus nyob rau hauv xyoo nrog hloov qhuav, kub thiab nruab nrab sov, huab cua ntub. Kev sib hloov qoob loo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cercospora blight, tab sis vim muaj ntau hom nroj tsuag rau cov kab mob fungal, kev siv cov fungicides feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ua tau.
"Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm huab cua ntawm lub caij, ib qho ntawm ob kab mob no feem ntau tuaj txog ua ntej. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb muaj cov teeb meem tshwm sim, ib tus yuav hais tias, npaj tau. Qee lub teb chaws twb tau ua thawj zaug kev kho mob fungicidal rau lub caij no. Nyob rau sab qab teb (hauv Krasnodar thiab cheeb tsam Stavropol) lawv tau sau tseg tias qhov nce ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj fungicides thiab txo qis ntawm cov kev kho mob; ntau zaus lawv yuav tsum mus rau qhov thib peb kev kho mob fungicidal, sau tseg Vladimir Peshekhonov, tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev kho mob. Kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm JSC Firm "Lub Yim Hli" hauv Central Black Earth cheeb tsam."
Tau ntau xyoo, beet growers tau siv xws li kev npaj los ntawm Lub Yim Hli lub tuam txhab xws li Rayok, Benorad, Credo, thiab Kolosal Pro los tawm tsam cov kab mob hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv kab mob qab zib tau nthuav dav vim kev qhia cov khoom raws li cov khoom xyaw tshiab, txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua - piv txwv li, epoxiconazole thiab tetraconazole los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm thiazoles. Cov khoom xyaw nquag no suav nrog hauv kev npaj "Hecate" (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), "Rakurs" (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) thiab "Spirit" (azoxystrobin + epixiconazole). Raws li azoxystrobin, "Lub Yim Hli" kuj tsim cov fungicide "Baliy" (propiconazole + azoxystrobin).
"Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog azoxystrobin: tshuav nyob rau hauv cov waxy txheej ntawm nplooj, nws tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm tshiab spores ntawm fungal kab mob. Thiab ua ke nrog triazoles, nws tuaj yeem nres tus kab mob uas twb muaj lawm thiab nres sporulation yog tias muaj kev yuam qeeb hauv kev kho mob," sau tseg Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Cov fungicide "Tirada" (thiram + difenoconazole) kuj qhia nws cov lus cog tseg. Thiram muab kev sib cuag muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob fungi thiab kab mob. Kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov tshuaj no yog los tiv thaiv cov kab mob germinating ntawm nplooj nplooj.
Kev sim ntawm cov khoom tshiab tau ua tsis tu ncua rau ntau xyoo: piv txwv li, hauv kev sim ntawm All-Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Qab Zib Beet thiab Qab Zib muaj npe tom qab A.L. Mazlumov nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Voronezh, ua nyob rau hauv 2017-2019. Cov tshuaj fungicides "Gekata", "Spirit", "Baliy" thiab "Tirada" tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib piv nrog cov txheej txheem ib txwm siv - lawv siv tau ua kom muaj peev xwm nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qab zib beets los ntawm 4-5 tons hauv ib hectare, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv. qab zib cov ntsiab lus hauv paus qoob loo los ntawm 0,5. 2-XNUMX%.
Nyob rau hauv qhuav tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub caij loj hlob, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yields tau txais thaum siv "Baliya", 0,8 l / ha thiab "Spirit", 0,7 l / ha. Nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo ntub, "Hekate" los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv cercospora, 0,8 l / ha. "Baliy", "Spirit" thiab "Hekate" txo qhov kev sib kis thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cercospora blight li ntawm 2 zaug, powdery mildew los ntawm 4-5 zaug piv rau kev tswj tsis tau kev kho mob, "sums up Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Cov kws kho mob Augusta pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj fungicides saum toj no nrog Allure lossis Polyphem adjuvants kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kis tau zoo dua ntawm nplooj, kho kom zoo dua rau nws thiab pib ua rau cov kab mob sai dua.