Autumn nyob rau hauv Russia yog lub sij hawm mus dov li jars. Txawm li cas los xij, hom kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev no tau dhau los ua tsawg thiab tsis tshua nyiam ntawm cov niam tsev niaj hnub. Nws yuav zoo li qhov tseeb no yuav tsum qhib lub sijhawm tshiab rau cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov kaus poom zaub thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cog zaub ...
Tab sis qhov tseeb, txhua yam tsis yooj yim li ntawd.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev tsim cov zaub hauv kaus poom hauv lub tebchaws tau nce siab tiag tiag, kev lag luam tshiab tau qhib, thiab kev thov tau loj hlob.
Raws li BusinesStat, txij li xyoo 2012 txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 2016, kev muag khoom ntawm cov kaus poom tau nce 5,4% thiab thaum kawg ntawm 2016 muaj txog 1,34 lab tons. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev xaiv cov zaub hauv kaus poom ntawm lub khw rhawv kuj tseem txwv. Tam sim no, tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab kaus poom zaub ua lag luam belongs rau ob peb yam khoom pawg - cov no yog cov kaus poom cucumbers thiab txiv lws suav; ntsuab peas thiab pob kws; lws suav muab tshuaj txhuam; taum; squash caviar; txiv ntseej thiab txiv ntseej.
Meanwhile, nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov cheeb tsam cabbage, carrots, beets, dos, thiab qos yaj ywm yog zus en masse. Qee qhov kev tsim khoom no kuj siv rau kev txuag, tab sis txog tam sim no nws tsis tseem ceeb. Zaub xam lav, pickled beets, npaj-ua kua zaub - tag nrho cov no nyob rau hauv loj factories yog feem ntau muab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab assortment, thiab qhov kev thov rau cov khoom no nyob rau hauv central cheeb tsam ntawm Russia tseem tsis tau siab txaus los txhawb factories kom ntau lawm ntau lawm, tshwj xeeb vim qhov no tsis yooj yim ua.
IB TUG TXIV NEEJ
Kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim cov zaub hauv kaus poom, zoo li lwm yam ntsig txog kev tsim khoom, tsis tuaj yeem hu ua yooj yim. Pib ib qhov project yuav tsum muaj kev nqis peev tseem ceeb (yuav luag txhua yam khoom yuav tsum muaj ib txoj kab sib cais). Tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv kim kim yog siv rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm ob mus rau peb lub hlis ib xyoos. Yog li cov teeb meem nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm: rau peb lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo tib neeg tsis khoom nyob rau hauv peb txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm, rau qhov seem cuaj tsis muaj haujlwm. Kev muag khoom kuj ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo.
Seasonality yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov lag luam hauv cov sector no. Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm kev txuag kev lag luam, tus sau ntawm "Conservator's Advice" nplooj ntawv hauv Facebook, tus neeg lag luam Daria Bakushina, lub ntsiab ntim ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshwm sim thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum ntxov. Raws li, lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm kim tshaj plaws rau cov chaw tsim khoom (cov khoom siv raw yog yuav), tab sis nws yog lub sijhawm no lub hlis uas kev lag luam nce mus txog "hauv qab" ntawm kev muag khoom: cov neeg yuav khoom nyiam zaub tshiab rau cov kaus poom. Cov peev nyiaj tau nqis peev pib maj mam rov qab los (nyob ntawm seb hom kev khaws cia) tsis pub dhau lub Kaum Ib Hlis, thiab feem ntau tom qab, vim tias cov khoom feem ntau raug xa mus rau cov khw muag khoom nrog cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub ntsiab xim nyob rau hauv ntau lawm yog them rau feem ntau marginal txoj hauj lwm. Raws li Daria Bakushina, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov chaw tsim khoom kom khaws cov khoom siv lub caij ntuj no nrog cov khoom lag luam tsawg dua 200 txhiab lub kaus poom, thiab lub caij ntuj sov peb yuav tsum tau tham txog ntau lab lub kaus poom. Zaub xam lav (nrog rau lwm yam khoom ua los ntawm borscht zaub) tsis nyob rau hauv qeb no. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau yog tsim tawm ntawm lub caij, los ntawm cov khoom kim heev. Thiab qhov no, raws li tus kws tshaj lij tau hais txog, kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov muaj koob npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam: cov zaub nyoos zoo tsis tuaj yeem raug nqi tsawg dua 100 rubles, thiab tus neeg yuav khoom tsis npaj them tus nqi ntawd.
Lwm qhov teeb meem yog kev sib tw siab thiab nyuaj rau kev nkag mus rau hauv cov khw muag khoom chains. Raws li tus thawj coj ua lag luam ntawm Abakan Factory-Kitchen LLC, Leonid Goncharov, nyob rau hauv lub niche uas nws lub lag luam ua haujlwm (tsim npaj cov kaus poom kua zaub thiab cov tais diav loj), muaj tsawg kawg yog ib puas lwm qhov chaw tsim khoom uas lawv sib tw txhua hnub. rau lub txee hauv khw.
Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov zaub hauv kaus poom (qos yaj ywm, carrots, beets, dos hauv cov ntses) tsis tshua nkag siab rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam. Cov khoom kaus poom no tau muab rau cov tub ceev xwm, tsev kho mob, thiab thaj tsam ntawm Far North. Txawm hais tias muaj kev sib tw ntawm no ib yam nkaus: tsoomfwv daim ntawv cog lus rau cov khoom siv tau muab tsub rau tus neeg uas muaj peev xwm muab cov khoom lag luam uas ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm GOST ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj. Kev tuav tus nqi tuaj yeem nyuaj rau ntau yam laj thawj.
Tus thawj coj ntawm Nizhnegorsky cannery (Lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea) Elena Ismailova yws tias tam sim no nws nyuaj rau nws lub lag luam los sib tw nrog cov tuam txhab "mainland". Lub Crimean Choj raug kaw rau cov tsheb thauj khoom, uas txhais tau hais tias kev xa cov ntim thiab cov khoom xyaw rau kev khaws cia rau cov nroj tsuag yuav siv txoj kev ncig mus ncig, ib yam li kev xa khoom tiav rau cov neeg siv khoom. Logistics nqi nce nqi ntau lawm.
Tab sis qhov no yog tus kheej thiab, kuv xav ntseeg, teeb meem ib ntus. Tab sis txhua tus neeg tsim khoom ib ntus ntsib tus nqi nce rau cov khoom siv raw. Yog li lub caij no, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tuam txhab tsis kam tham txog cov nqi tsim nyog rau lawv cov khoom kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev sau qoob loo. Elena Ismailova piav qhia tias "thaum pib lub caij ntuj sov, tsis muaj dej txaus, thiab ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb hais tias zaub yuav kim," Elena Ismailova piav qhia. "Tab sis peb tsis paub tias kim npaum li cas." Daria Bakushina hais tias "Tshuaj, cua sov, lawg, locusts - muaj ntau yam uas tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws lub caij no," hais Daria Bakushina. - Yam tsawg kawg nkaus, cov qoob loo xws li taum pauv, pob kws, txiv lws suav, thiab dib raug cuam tshuam. Tus nqi yuav siab dua ntau zaus. "
Los ntawm txoj kev, hais txog raw khoom. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias tsis muaj ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev xam phaj ntawm cov tuam txhab tau hais txog qhov tsis muaj cov khoom siv raw, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv, lossis cov khoom ua liaj ua teb tsis zoo ntawm cov teeb meem. Txhua tus tau tham txog kev tsim kev sib raug zoo mus sij hawm ntev thiab cov neeg muag khoom ntseeg siab. Tab sis qhov tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa tsoomfwv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nce nqi roj av thiab vaj tse thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej zog, suav nrog kev nce VAT rau 2019% txij xyoo 20, tau sau tseg ntau dua ib zaug.
Raws li Daria Bakushina, niaj hnub no kev lag luam tsis xav tau kev pab los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm: "Nws tsis yooj yim kom tau txais cov nyiaj pab hauv qhov teeb meem nyuaj, thiab yog tias koj ua tiav, koj yuav tsum them VAT tam sim ntawm cov nyiaj no. Yog tias muaj ib tus neeg nyiam, tus neeg ua lag luam ntse, nrog cov kws tshaj lij, muaj nyiaj, nrog kev tawm tsam tsawg los ntawm cov thawj coj hauv zos, nws siv thaj av hauv ib thaj teb, tsim ib lub Hoobkas nyob ntawd, cog qoob loo thiab ua haujlwm, ces nws zoo. yog tsawg kawg lawv tsis cuam tshuam. Tab sis ua kom cov khoom zoo yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tseem yuav tau muag. Ib pab neeg ntxiv yog xav tau. Kuv muaj kev hwm zoo rau cov tswv uas, ib tus yuav hais tias, "txawm tias" pub rau tib neeg."
TECHNOLOGIES
Qhov no yog lwm qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam canning niaj hnub no, niaj hnub Soviet txoj kev loj hlob feem ntau yog siv, txawm hais tias qee qhov kev hloov pauv tseem tshwm sim. Raws li Natalya Posokina, tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam ntawm cov tshuab canning ntawm All-Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Canning Technology, sau tseg, feem ntau cov kev hloov kho tau ua tom qab kev yuav khoom tshiab: piv txwv li, kev kho cua sov ntawm cov kab niaj hnub no feem ntau ua tiav hauv qab ntau dua. maj mam tej yam kev mob, cia ntau cov vitamins kom khaws cia rau hauv cov khoom tiav. Tab sis yav tom ntej, los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm VNIITEK tus kws tshaj lij, feem ntau cov tuam txhab loj feem ntau yuav hloov pauv mus rau txawv teb chaws thev naus laus zis, suav nrog qhov tseeb tias ntau lub tsev lag luam twb yog ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb tuav.
COV NTUJ
Cov kev lig kev cai Lavxias teb sab ntim cov kaus poom zaub tsis tau hloov pauv rau ntau xyoo: cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam ntim lawv cov khoom hauv iav thiab hlau hub. Qhov nrov ntawm cov kaus poom tsis muaj qhov sib txawv: lawv tso cai rau koj tswj cov khoom zoo rau ob mus rau plaub xyoos. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo: iav tawg yooj yim, cov zaub mov qib steel yog kim.
Ib qho kev tsim nyog rau cov kev xaiv uas tau teev tseg tuaj yeem yog Tetra Pak, uas paub txog cov neeg yuav khoom Lavxias rau lwm hom khoom (nco ntsoov, piv txwv li, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo). Los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom pom, cov ntim zoo li no yuav luag tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo: cov khoom lag luam yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los, khaws cia, thiab tso saib. Tab sis hnub no ntawm lub rhawv ntawm cov khw muag khoom hauv tsev "hauv duab los qhia" koj tuaj yeem pom cov txiv lws suav hauv lawv tus kheej cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, Italian style, ntshuam. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm Lavxias teb sab manufacturers ntawm cov kaus poom zaub siv Tetra Pak.
Daria Bakushina piav qhia qhov tseeb no los ntawm kev ua lag luam tsis npaj rau kev hloov pauv. Raws li tus kws tshaj lij, rov tsim cov khoom ntim tshiab rau cov khoom ntim tshiab yuav yog ib qho kev ua lag luam kim heev; qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, tab sis tus neeg yuav khoom tsis npaj them ntau dua rau cov khoom hauv pob tetra dua li rau ib yam zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv ib lub tin los yog iav hub. Tsis muaj leej twg muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lag luam tam sim no.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv ntim tau pom hauv cov khw muag khoom European yog lub hnab yas. Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias muaj cov lus nug ntau ntxiv rau nws. Raws li Daria Bakushina, lub txee lub neej ntawm cov zaub hauv kaus poom hauv cov ntim yas yog txo rau ib xyoos, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khw muag khoom lag luam txais cov khoom muag nrog lub neej txee ntawm tsawg kawg yog 60%. Ntawd yog, yog tias cov khoom lag luam raug tso tawm thaum Lub Xya Hli 2018, nws yuav tuaj yeem xa nws mus txog kwv yees li lub Kaum Ob Hlis, qhov tseeb, txog thaum kev muag khoom loj pib.
PROSPECTS
Kev twv seb txoj kev twg kev lag luam yuav nyob ze thiab nyob deb yav tom ntej yog ib txoj haujlwm ua tsaug. Tab sis nws yog qhov muaj peev xwm xav tias qhov feem ntau yuav tshwm sim raws li kev paub thiab kev paub ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Raws li Daria Bakushina, yav tom ntej peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav txhim kho kev ntim khoom tus kheej: cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsom mus rau ntau yam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab muab cov khoom sib txawv, xws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus - tsim rau ib qho kev pabcuam rau ib tus neeg - mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws (thiab pheej yig tshaj) rau cov tsev neeg loj lossis cov lag luam HoReCa.
Lwm qhov kev coj ua zoo, los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij txoj kev xav, yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Nws twb tau txais kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv lub xeev: Lub Rau Hli 1, 2018, qhov project "Tshav Tsheb" tau pib hauv Russia - txhawm rau sau cov khoom noj hauv peb xim - ntsuab, daj thiab liab - nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntsev, qab zib thiab rog hauv lawv. Txog tam sim no, cov neeg tsim khoom tau koom nrog hauv qhov project ntawm kev yeem. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws uas muaj pes tsawg tus neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm carbohydrate metabolism tsis zoo, insulin tsis kam thiab ntshav qab zib yog nce txhua xyoo, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab tso cov khoom lag luam yam tsis muaj suab thaj lossis txo cov ntsev thiab qab zib.
Thiab, tau kawg, cov khoom tshiab yuav tshwm sim hauv khw. Daria Bakushina twb tau sau tseg tias qhov chaw loj hlob ntawm cov kaus poom chickpeas, lentils, taum dub, txiv lws suav hnub ci, okra, capers thiab lwm yam khoom txawv txawv rau Russians.
Peb, nyob rau hauv lem, sawv cev ntawm cov neeg kho, qhia qhov kev cia siab hais tias tiv thaiv lub backdrop ntawm ib tug maj mam poob nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem txoj kev txaus siab rau cog zaub nyob rau hauv private ua liaj ua teb thiab kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, zus tau tej cov zaub mov los ntawm cov kaus poom. domestic raw khoom yuav nce. Thiab cov khoom no yuav tsis muaj tsawg dua nyob rau hauv kev thov tshaj li txawv teb chaws.