Kev lag luam qos yaj ywm hauv Suav teb tab tom txhim kho sai. Raws li ntau qhov chaw, los ntawm 10 mus rau 20% ntawm tag nrho cov qoob loo raug xa mus rau kev ua txhua xyoo. Cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov qos yaj ywm qhuav (qos yaj ywm flakes thiab hmoov), chips thiab khov french fries.
Starch
Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm qos yaj ywm ua yog zus tau tej cov qos starch. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog vim yog ob qho laj thawj: ua ntej, nws ua haujlwm raws li cov khoom siv raw rau kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, thiab qhov thib ob, kev tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev siv cov tubers uas tsis tuaj yeem muag tshiab (me me, tsis zoo).
Feem ntau cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog tsim nyob rau hauv Gansu thiab Inner Mongolia. Cov chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Gansu (ntau npaum li cas -788 tons hauv ib xyoos), ntau tshaj 600 tons ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv ib xyoos yog tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv Inner Mongolia.
Qhov loj tshaj plaws qos starch chaw tsim tshuaj paus nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog Inner Mongolia Nailun Agricultural Science thiab Technology Co., Ltd., nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm ntawm 100 tons ib xyoo.
Muaj peb lub tuam txhab qos yaj ywm hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv Chongqing, ob ntawm lawv ntxiv cov txheej txheem cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau hauv cov noodles, uas daws cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub caij muaj zog ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Ntau cov nroj tsuag (tam sim no yim) tsim cov qos yaj ywm hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab (ua ntej ziab) los tsim cov khoom hloov kho, pab txo cov nqi ziab.
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov qos yaj ywm hloov pauv hauv lub tebchaws yog 458 tons hauv ib xyoos. Nrog plaub lub Hoobkas thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm 000 tons hauv ib xyoos, Gansu yog lub xeev tseem ceeb.
Kev tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov hauv Suav teb tau ua txij li xyoo 80s, feem ntau yog los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj, enzymatic lossis sib xyaw siv ntau txoj hauv kev los hloov cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Raws li Tuam Tshoj Starch Industry Association, muaj ntau tshaj li 2000 yam khoom uas hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, xws li oxidized starch, acid modified starch, cationic starch, cyclodextrin, thiab dialdehyde starch.
Hauv xyoo 2019, tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov hauv Suav teb yog 1 tons. Ntau yam ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov kho nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntau dua 757 tons suav nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab oxidized, cationic starch, acetate starch, phosphate starch thiab pregelatinized starch nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 800 tons, 100 tons, 000 tons, 319 tons. 200 tons raws. Cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm rau cov khoom no yog kwv yees li 279% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov.
Kev tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv Suav teb feem ntau yog tsom rau hauv xeev Shandong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu thiab Jiangxi, uas suav txog ntau dua 85% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm. Xyoo 2019, kev tsim cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv hauv xeev Shandong muaj txog 656,6 txhiab tons. Muaj plaub lub lag luam ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam no nrog lub peev xwm txhua xyoo ntau dua 100 tons, suav txog 000% ntawm tag nrho cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov. Ntawm lawv, cov zis ntawm Guangxi Nongken Mingyang Biochemical Group Co., Ltd. yog 40,96 tons (196% ntawm lub teb chaws tag nrho cov khoom).
Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv yog kev lag luam hauv Suav teb, uas suav txog 58% ntawm tag nrho cov kev noj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab kuj tseem siv hnyav los ntawm kev lag luam zaub mov, suav txog 18% ntawm tag nrho kev noj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv Suav teb. Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog siv los tsim cov noodles instant, ham sausages, yogurts thiab ntau yam kua ntses.
Tuam Tshoj yog ib tug net importer ntawm modified starch, feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dextrin thiab lwm yam hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev xa tawm ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov pauv tag nrho 2019 tons hauv 369, nce 100% los ntawm ib xyoo dhau los, raws li Tuam Tshoj Starch Industry Association.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kev lag luam no ntiav ntau lub lag luam me uas muaj peev xwm txhua xyoo tsawg dua 10 tons, uas pom tias nws nyuaj rau kev qhia cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub thiab cov cuab yeej siv raws sijhawm, kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj. ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev pabcuam se. Tib txoj kev tawm rau lawv, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tsoomfwv, yog kev sib koom ua ke thiab nthuav dav ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Fabkis txoj fries
Qhov kev ua qoob loo no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb.
Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim cov french fries yog 2006 tons hauv 63 thiab tau nce mus rau 000 tons hauv 2015. Qhov siab tshaj plaws nruab nrab txhua xyoo kev loj hlob yog 318% hauv 000. Xyoo 64,36, vim muaj kev hloov kho ib nrab ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam txawv teb chaws, qhov ntsuas ntawm Fabkis kib ntau lawm hauv Suav teb poob me ntsis. Hauv 2010, lub peev xwm tsim tau txhua xyoo yog 2016 tons nrog kev loj hlob ntawm 2017%.
Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Fabkis fries nyob rau hauv Suav teb yog Western-style fast food khw nojmov. Cov kws tshaj lij tau kwv yees tias vim kev lag luam hauv nroog, cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo li no yuav nce ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ntev, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lag luam noj. Nco ntsoov tias txij Lub Ob Hlis 2020, muaj ntau dua 3500 McDonald lub tsev noj mov thiab 6600 KFC cov tsev noj mov hauv lub tebchaws.
Qee qhov khov french fries yog tuaj los ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas, tab sis kev ua lag luam tau qhia txog kev poob qis hauv kev yuav khoom. Yog li xyoo 2020, kev xa tawm tau txo qis los ntawm 26% ib zaug (qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog vim li cas tag nrho cov khoom txawv teb chaws tau raug kuaj mus ntev rau Covid-19, cov chaw noj mov raug yuam kom hloov mus rau cov khoom hauv zos).
Fabkis fries ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv 2022/23 yog kwv yees ntawm 400 tons, me ntsis qis dua xyoo tas los (000 tons) vim cov khoom raw khoom qis dua. Raws li kev lag luam cov peev txheej, feem ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm tau cog lus cog qoob loo cog qoob loo thaum ntxov 410 kom tau raws li qhov xav tau hauv tsev, tab sis qhov kev nce no tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qos yaj ywm tshiab qis dua.
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm Lub Xya Hli thiab Lub Cuaj Hli 2023, plaub txoj kab tshiab rau kev tsim cov kib yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm. Lawv tag nrho cov peev txheej yuav ncav cuag 400000 tons ntxiv, ua ob npaug ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm.
Kev hais tawm raws caij nyoog tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov teeb meem ntawm kev coj ua (nrog rau tag nrho cov qos yaj ywm ua lag luam). Feem ntau ntawm cov french Fry factories nyob rau sab qaum teb monoculture cheeb tsam, qhov twg qos yaj ywm raug sau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Kev xa tawm ntawm cov qos yaj ywm rau cov khoom lag luam no nyob rau lub sijhawm txij lub Plaub Hlis mus txog Lub Yim Hli yog txwv, vim nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom muaj cov khoom lag luam txaus hauv qhov zoo. Ib feem ntawm cov lag luam nyob rau hauv lub caij off-season ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv imported raw khoom.
Chips
Kev lag luam khoom noj txom ncauj hauv Suav teb tab tom txhim kho nyob rau hauv siab heev, dhau 10 xyoo dhau los, raws li Ministry of Commerce ntawm PRC, kev lag luam tau nce 422,51%. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom uas tuaj yeem noj tau ntawm kev mus yog txuam nrog kev nrawm nrawm ntawm lub neej ntawm cov pejxeem. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov qos yaj ywm chips yuav tsum tiv taus kev sib tw muaj zog nrog lwm hom khoom noj txom ncauj uas muaj thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom lag luam yog kev taw qhia ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm "kev noj qab haus huv noj qab haus huv" raws li kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb.
Qos yaj ywm chip factories feem ntau yog concentrated nyob rau hauv Fujian xeev (Dali Garden, Panpan, Qinqin (xws li Pringles), thiab lwm yam. Shanghai (Lay's thiab Oishi) thiab Beijing (Orion) kuj yog lub chaw loj rau zus tau tej cov qos yaj ywm chips, lawv sib koom accounting rau 22,59. % thiab 12,91% ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws muag.
Dali Group yog cov qos yaj ywm chips loj tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb nrog kev muag khoom txhua xyoo ntawm 16 billion yuan, suav txog 34,42% ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws kev muag khoom. Dali Group muaj 18 lub chaw haujlwm hauv 16 lub xeev thiab cheeb tsam thoob plaws tebchaws. Copico hom qos yaj ywm chips yog tsim los ntawm Dali 10 lub chaw ua haujlwm nyob hauv Quanzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Hubei, Jilin, Gansu, Maanshan, Shanxi thiab Yunnan.
qos yaj ywm hmoov
Dehydrated qos yaj ywm hmoov yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus vim nws muaj kev noj qab haus huv ntau dua cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Pure starch-based noodles (thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws) tsuas yog muab cov piam thaj rau tib neeg lub cev, thaum cov qos yaj ywm tag nrho, xws li cov qos yaj ywm mashed ua los ntawm cov qos yaj ywm qhuav, khaws cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho cov qos yaj ywm tuber, i.e. hmoov txhuv nplej siab, protein, vitamins, fiber ntau thiab zaub mov [Camire et al. Xyoo 2009]. Kev lag luam tsim cov hmoov nplej dehydrated qos yaj ywm yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho cov khoom noj kom zoo thiab noj qab nyob zoo mashed qos yaj ywm tsim nyog rau cov neeg Suav [Mu et al. 2017].
Lwm cov khoom ua qos yaj ywm
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, Tuam Tshoj tau nthuav qhia cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov zaub mov ntawm cov khoom qub uas tau ua yav dhau los los ntawm cov nplej lossis nplej hmoov nplej. Thaum npaj steamed qhob cij, flatbread, nplej thiab nplej noodles, dumplings, qos yaj ywm hmoov yog ntxiv rau cov khoom xyaw li niaj zaus. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab yog los txhim kho qhov zoo thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm kev noj haus ntawm cov pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws.
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias lub khob cij ua los ntawm cov khob noom cookie nrog ntxiv ntawm qos yaj ywm hmoov tau txhim kho cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo [Blades et al. 2008]. Ntxiv cov qos yaj ywm rau cov hmoov nplej tau raug tshaj tawm los pab txo qis gluten thiab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kab mob celiac [Ijah li al. Xyoo 2015]. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij tsim cov ntawv qhia ua txhua yam los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom kho tshiab khaws nws cov kev paub zoo thiab saj. Yog li, nws tau raug sau tseg tias ntau dhau ntawm cov qos yaj ywm granules tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom rheological ntawm lub khob noom cookie [Xu li al. 2017]. Rau kev ua mov ci, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov hmoov nplej los ntawm qee yam ntawm cov qos yaj ywm (Hunmei, Blue Congo, Shepodi thiab Atlantic).
Tam sim no, ntau tshaj 200 hom qos yaj ywm staple zaub mov tau tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv tau ua tiav kev lag luam.
Kev tsim khoom loj ntawm ntau yam khoom tshiab yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov cuab yeej siv, tab sis qhov teeb meem no tau maj mam daws. Ib qho piv txwv yog cov qos yaj ywm starch noodle industrial ntau lawm kab tsim los ntawm Suav cov kws tshawb fawb thiab engineers. Cov khoom lag luam tawm los ntawm cov kab sib dhos uas, ntawm ib sab, sib haum rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai, thiab, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov qos yaj ywm niaj hnub ua lag luam [Chen li al. 2017]. Los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, cov noodle ntau lawm kab yog piv rau cov kab ntau lawm rau french fries, dehydrated qos yaj ywm, starch, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau sab hnub poob Tuam Tshoj (cov xeev xws li Chongqing, Sichuan, thiab Guizhou), muaj cov qos yaj ywm npaj ua noj uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom. Qos yaj ywm yog steamed, ces txiav mus rau hauv tuab slices thiab dehydrated. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho khoom noj qab zib zoo ib yam li lub cev qhuav dej, feem ntau hu ua "zaub abalone". Cov qos yaj ywm semi-tiav no tsis tsuas yog daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev khaws cov qos yaj ywm xwb, tab sis kuj, raws li kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov pej xeem nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj, tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov zaub mov qab heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsim cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb kom qhuav rau kev ua cov khoom lag luam zoo ib nrab ntawm cov qos yaj ywm kom txo tau lub sij hawm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej - "sun drying".
Los ntawm muab kev tshawb fawb Qos yaj ywm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj: Tam sim no Scenario, yav tom ntej Trends thiab ntiaj teb no cuam tshuam; Zhao-jun Wang, Hong Liu, Fan-kui Zeng, Yan-chen Yang, Dan Xu, Yu-Ci Zhao, Xiao-feng Liu, Lovedeep Kaur, Gang Liu & Jaspreet Singh