E. D. Mytsa, L.Yu. Kokaeva, S.N. Elansky
Oomycete Phytophthora kab mob (Mont) de Bary ua rau pom kev tsaus ntuj, tus kab mob txaus ntshai ntawm cov qos yaj ywm thiab txiv lws suav. Ib qho ntawm cov peev txheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov thawj inoculum P. infestans yog tuab-walled so kev ua me nyuam cov qauv - oospores.
Hybrid oospores tshwm sim los ntawm kev hla ntawm cov caj ces sib txawv ntawm cov niam txiv ua rau muaj qhov nce ntawm genotypic ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg, vim qhov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm cov kab mob mus rau ntau yam tshiab thiab thov fungicides yog ua kom nrawm.
Oospore tsim P. infestans nyob hauv daim teb tau sau tseg nyob rau ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb: Russia (Smirnov li al., 1999), Norway (Hermansen et al., 2002), Sweden (Strömberg et al., 2001), Netherlands (Kessel et al., 2002) thiab lwm yam cheeb tsam. Oospores muaj peev xwm nyob hauv cov av hauv thaj chaw zoo tshaj li 2 xyoos (Bødker li al., 2006) thiab ua rau cov nroj tsuag muaj kab mob tom qab overwintering (Ulanova li al., 2010; Lehtinen et al., 2002).
Nyuam qhuav pib nws tau pom tias nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov qos ntoo muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev tsis kam mus rau tom qab blight; nws nce los ntawm nplooj qis dua rau saum sawv daws. Qhov kev nyiam ntawm tus cwj pwm tsis yog nyob ntawm nplooj hnub nyoog, cog hnub nyoog, lossis ntau yam qos (Vesper et al., 2003). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb ua tsis tau los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv ntawm oospore tsim nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawm cov ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov qos ntoo hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov sib txawv no muaj nyob, tom qab ntawd lawv yuav tsum coj mus rau thaum coj cov qauv nplooj rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev tsim oospore thiab thaum txhais cov ntsiab lus tau los ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov haujlwm no tau kawm txog kev tsim cov dej oospores hauv nplooj nplooj sib txawv ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov qos ntoo tso rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo sib xws hauv cov tsev noo.
Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hau kev
Peb tau siv 5 cais P. infestans cov sib txawv ntawm cov khub sib cais los ntawm cov qhov cuam tshuam coj los ntawm Moscow, Ryazan thiab Leningrad cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov no, 3 khub ntawm txoj kev sib txawv ntawm cov sib txawv mating raug xaiv, muab cov nplua nuj oospores thaum kuaj hauv agar oat medium.
Txog kev sim, peb siv cov kab mob tsis muaj qos yaj ywm ntawm cov noob hauv qab no cog hauv tsev cog khoom (hauv peat substrate): Sandrin thaum ntxov, Zorachka, Uladar, Osiris, thaum ntxov-Ilyinsky, nruab nrab lub caij Yanka.
Cov nplooj ntoo yoojyim los ntawm qib sib txawv ntawm cov qos yaj ywm ntoo tau xaiv rau kev tsom xam. Peb nplooj tau xaiv los ntawm qib qis (4 qis nplooj ntoo hauv nplooj), peb nplooj ntawm qhov siab tshaj (3-4 compound nplooj nyob sab saum toj), thiab peb nplooj tawm ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab. Cov nplooj yooj yim tau hnyav, yees duab rau ntawm daim ntawv ua kom sib haum (los xam lub ntim thiab thaj chaw), thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau sab hauv pem teb ntawm cov dej tsis huv, hliv 25 ml rau hauv Petri cov tais diav. Tom qab ntawd txhua daim nplooj tau kis nrog ib tee ntawm qhov kev ncua sib xyaw ntawm zoosporangia cais A1 thiab A2 ntawm hom kev ua niam txiv. Rau peb nplooj sau los ntawm txhua tus qib, ib inoculum ntawm peb sib txawv ntawm cov cais tawm tau siv. Ib nplooj tau raug tus kab mob hauv tshuaj sib xyaw ntawm ib khub.
Txhawm rau npaj tshem tawm ntawm zoosporangia, cais tawm ntawm cov sib txawv mating ntau tau loj hlob ntawm agar oat nruab nrab rau 7 hnub, tom qab ntawd zoosporangia raug ntxuav nrog cov dej tsis huv. Lub inoculum concentration yog 5-7 zoospores hauv thaj tsam ntawm saib ntawm lub tsom tsom ntawm 80 x magnification. Txhua nplooj ntawv tau kis nrog ib tee ntawm kev ncua kev sib xyaw ntawm zoosporangia cais A1 thiab A2 mating hom.
Hauv txhua qhov kev sim, 3 nplooj qos tau siv rau ib qho txawv. Tom qab tsim kom loj hlob tau 20 hnub ntawm 18 ° C, txhua nplooj nplooj tau homogenized hauv lub tshuaj khib nrog 2 ml dej distilled. Los ntawm qhov raug muab tshem tawm, 3 qhov qauv tau coj los, ntawm cov uas npaj rau microscopy tau npaj.
Hauv txhua qhov hloov pauv, 180 thaj chaw pom tau raug kuaj xyuas, tom qab ntawd tus naj npawb ntawm oospores tau rov hais dua rau 1 hli2 daim ntawv saum npoo. Qhov suav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua qhov sib txawv tau ntsuas nruab nrab.
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntseeg siab (μ) rau qib tseem ceeb ntawm 0,05, cov qauv hauv qab no tau siv
qhov twg s yog cov qauv sib txawv, n yog tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntsuas, t yog t-kuaj tsis tu ncua rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qib 0,05. Tag nrho cov kev suav tau ua hauv Excel (Microsoft lub hnab pob).
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev sib tham
Inoculation ntawm nplooj sau los ntawm txawv txheej ntawm qos Bush thiab muab tso rau hauv tib yam tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv noo noo chav qhia sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub khov ntawm oospore tsim. Hauv txhua qhov kev kawm tshawb fawb, ntau tus naj npawb ntawm oospores tau tsim thaum inoculation ntawm nplooj sau los ntawm qis thiab nruab nrab theem ntawm hav txwv yeem. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tau pom hauv kev tsim ntawm oospores hauv qis dua thiab nplooj nruab nrab.
Cov xov tooj tsawg kawg ntawm oospores tau tsim nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawm txheej txheej sab saud (Daim duab 1).
Nyob rau hauv nplooj ntawm qis dua thiab nruab nrab theem, qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm oospores tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau yam Sandrin, Ilyinsky, Zorachka, Uladar thiab Osiris. Lawv tau tsim qee qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv nplooj ntawm cov Yanka ntau yam. Qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm oospores nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawm qib theem sab saud tau pom nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawm Uladar ntau yam, tom qab ntawd Zorachka, Osiris, Yanka, Ilyinsky, Sandrin hauv kev txiav txim siab txo qis;
Daim duab: 1. Cov qauv ntawm oospores hauv nplooj ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg sib txawv ntawm cov qos ntoo. Qeb qis yog nplooj ntawm peb theem qis ntawm cov hav txwv yeem, lub siab dua yog 3-4 nplooj nplooj los ntawm cov ntoo, cov ntoo nruab nrab yog los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub hav txwv yeem.
Cov kab yuam kev tsis ncaj ncees qhia kev ntseeg siab ncua sij hawm rau qib tseem ceeb ntawm 0,05.
Hauv thaj teb, microclimatic mob tseem pab txhawb kev tsim ntawm oospores nyob rau hauv qis thiab nruab nrab nplooj ntawm cov hav txwv yeem: cov av noo ntau dua, txo cov hnub ci tawm, thiab qhov kub hloov pauv txhua hnub (Harrison, 1992). Sab saum toj tshuaj txau kom tsawg dua cov tshuaj tua kab hauv qhov hauv qab thiab hauv plawv. Txhawm rau txo qhov tsim ntawm oospores, thev naus laus zis yuav tsum tau siv uas cia kom xa cov fungicides mus rau qhov qis thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov hav txwv yeem. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev siv cua tshuab ntxhiab thiab cua tshuab mentsis uas tuaj yeem kis mus rau qhov tsis muaj kev kho ntawm lub hav zoov.
Qhov haujlwm no tau pab los ntawm Lavxias Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb (qhov project No. 14-50-00029).
Cov ntsiab lus tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Kev Tiv Thaiv Qos Yaj Zwm" (No. 2, 2015)