Kev tsim cov khoom lag luam qos yaj ywm yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev daws cov teeb meem tas li thiab tag nrho ntawm cov pej xeem nrog zaub mov, yog li nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws tsim hauv ntiaj teb muaj kev txo qis hauv kev noj cov qos yaj ywm thiab nce ntxiv. hauv kev noj cov khoom ua tiav.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tsis ntev los no, qos yaj ywm yug me nyuam tau ua nrog tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau xws li cov kev xav tau raws li kev npaj siv cov qoob loo, txhim kho qhov zoo thiab lom tus nqi ntawm tubers, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub zeem muag rau industrial ua nyob rau hauv ib tug complex ntawm qos cov khoom, uas. qos yaj ywm crisp tuav ib txoj hauj lwm ua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm ntim. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, muaj ib tug pom zoo sib txawv ntawm cov expansion ntawm zus tau tej cov qos yaj ywm khoom npaj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev lag luam. Hauv qhov no, kev tsim ntawm ntau yam tshiab thiab hybrids ntawm qos yaj ywm haum rau kev ua lag luam yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.
Qhov ntau yam yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam thiab lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv cov qos yaj ywm loj hlob. Tsis tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov khoom yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj yog cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev siv thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov qoob loo cog qoob loo. Txhua lub sijhawm hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam yuav tsum muaj kev xaiv tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog.
Ntiaj teb kev ua liaj ua teb qhia tau hais tias kev tsim cov qos yaj ywm tshiab uas muaj peev xwm hloov tau zoo muab kev vam meej hauv kev nce yields thiab cov khoom zoo hauv kev hloov cov qoob loo-climatic loj hlob thaum txo cov tshuaj tua kab thiab txhim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm ib puag ncig.
Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ceev txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev lag luam ntawm kev cog lus ntau yam ntawm domestic yug me nyuam, uas yog tsis inferior mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws txawv teb chaws analogues, yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub ntsiab ntawm lub tshiab qos yaj ywm ntau lawm technology. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txhawb nqa kev ua tiav ntawm kev yug me nyuam tshiab suav nrog hauv Xeev Kev Sau Npe ntawm Lavxias Federation yog ua tiav ntawm qhov qeeb qeeb, txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej ntuj thiab huab cua ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm peb lub teb chaws tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab tias lawv tau cog lus rau kev teeb tsa. kev tsim cov noob qos yaj ywm. Vim li no, cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam loj txuas ntxiv mus yuav ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv noob ntawm txawv teb chaws ntau yam, feem ntau los ntawm European yug me nyuam thiab noob tuam txhab uas muag, rau kev loj hlob ntxiv nyob rau hauv Russia. Kev kov yeej qhov kev poob qis tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ntawm cov qos yaj ywm hauv tsev thiab kev vam khom ntawm cov noob ntshuam tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom tsim tshiab nce ntxiv thiab kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov noob nce ntxiv.
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj cov khoom siv raw nrog cov khoom tsim nyog - tsis muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb, thiab cov khoom siv tau pom zoo rau kev tsim khoom noj tsis tau kawm txaus. Qhov chaw loj hlob kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam rau, piv txwv li, qhov zoo ntawm cov qos yaj ywm crisp. Rau qhov loj tshaj plaws, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam ntawm qos yaj ywm nyob ntawm seb cov xwm txheej ntawm lub caij loj hlob.
Cov kev xav tau zoo rau tubers rau kev ua haujlwm txawv raws li cov khoom lag luam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog anatomical, morphological, biochemical, thiab organoleptic ntsuas. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov khoom noj khoom haus semi-tiav thiab npaj txhij, nrog rau kev siv rau cov laj thawj kev, yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Thaum yug me nyuam ntau yam tshwj xeeb rau kev ua cov qos yaj ywm, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom qhuav (20-25%) thiab txo cov suab thaj (0,2-0,5%), uas txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Rau kev ua lag luam, cov tubers uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog puag ncig, sib npaug thiab sib npaug rau oblong-oval, vim qhov no ua kom yooj yim rau kev faib cov qos yaj ywm, txo cov khib nyiab thaum lawv ntxuav thiab kev puas tsuaj, thiab ua rau cov khoom lag luam zoo dua qub. Rau kev tsim cov qos yaj ywm crisp (chips), cov qos yaj ywm paub tab nrog cov ntsiab lus qhuav ntawm yam tsawg 17% yog xav tau txij lub Yim Hli mus txog rau lub Cuaj Hli, yam tsawg 20 ... 24% rau tag nrho lub xyoo, qhov ceev - 720 kg / m3 . Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txo cov suab thaj tsis ntau tshaj 0,25%, lawv cov khoom sib faib thoob plaws hauv lub ntim ntawm tuber. Qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tsis txhob txaus siab txo cov suab thaj thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab txo qis cov suab thaj sai sai rau qib uas siv tau thaum lub sijhawm rov kho dua tom qab qis qis. Cov qos yaj ywm paub tab yog xav tau los tsim cov french fries. Cov duab ntawm tubers yog oblong, round-oval, leveled nrog ntiav ocelli. Ntev - 50 mm lossis ntau dua. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom - los ntawm 20 mus rau 24%, txo cov suab thaj - tib yam li cov qos yaj ywm crispy, ceev - 720 kg / m3. Qos yaj ywm ntau yam yog siv, cov tubers uas tsis muaj non-enzymatic darkening ntawm lub pulp tom qab tev, roasting, thaum khov thiab tom qab thawing. Qos yaj ywm yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txo qis (txo) cov suab thaj thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab txo lawv cov qib kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thaum rov kho dua tom qab qhov ntsuas kub qis.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov qos yaj ywm yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txo cov suab thaj hauv tubers, uas muaj zog oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab, thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov amino tebchaw, ammonia lossis peptides yooj yim, tsim cov xim av xim av melanoidin tebchaw nrog ruby tint, cuam tshuam cov zoo ntawm cov khoom tau txais. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txo cov suab thaj hauv tubers yog ntau yam zoo, txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas no tsis nyob tas li thiab txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob, khaws cia thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tubers.
Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tau:
1. Zhevora, S.V. Qos yaj ywm: teeb meem thiab kev cia siab / S.V. Zhevora, B.V. Anisimov, E. A. Simakov, E. V. Oats, S. N. Zebrin // Qos yaj ywm thiab zaub. - 2019. - nr 7. - p. 13-17.
2. Zemtsova, M.A. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov qos yaj ywm ntau yam kom haum rau kev ua cov qos yaj ywm crispy thiab french fries / M.A. Zemtsova, I. I. Timofeeva // Tiv thaiv cov qos yaj ywm. - 2011. - No. 1. - S. 17-20.
3. Pshechenkov, K.A. Cov neeg siv khoom zoo ntawm tubers thiab qos yaj ywm crispy nyob ntawm ntau yam, loj hlob thiab khaws cia / K.A. Pshechenkov, O.N. Davydenkova // Teeb meem ntawm qos loj hlob. Kev tshawb fawb tr. VNIIKH. - M., 2003. - S. 90-99.