Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, "Potato System" cov ntawv xov xwm tau teeb tsa lub webinar nplooj siab rau cov niaj hnub cog qoob loo ntau yam. Lub vev xaib tau koom nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom muaj npe zoo thiab cov noob cog qoob loo ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias lag luam. Txhua lub tuam txhab tau hais rau cov neeg mloog txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob hom khoom hauv lawv cov npe.
Peb tau txiav txim siab khaws cov ntaub ntawv no muaj txiaj ntsig rau peb cov neeg nyeem los ntawm kev tshaj tawm nws ntawm lub vev xaib ua cov kab ke.
Cov khoom siv zaum kawg hauv cov koob no tau mob siab rau rau lub sijhawm ntxov ripening ntau yam KOROLEVA ANNA thiab LABELLA xaiv SOLARIUM. Hais lus: Natalya Morozova, Lub taub hau ntawm Qos yaj ywm Department, German Seed Alliance.
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Lub German Seed Alliance yog kev sib koom ua lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab cog qoob loo loj thiab noob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.
Txij li xyoo 2011, German Seed Alliance tau sawv cev rau qhov kev txaus siab ntawm ib qho ntawm nws tus tsim, lub tuam txhab Solana, nyob rau hauv Russia, muab cov khoom siv los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Netherlands (txog hnub no, 25 ntau yam ntawm Solana xaiv tau suav nrog hauv Xeev Sau Npe ntawm Kev Loj Hlob Ua tiav ntawm Lavxias Federation), nrog rau muag cov qos yaj ywm uas tsim tawm raws li daim ntawv tso cai los ntawm Solana hauv cov tuam txhab thiab cov koom tes koom tes hauv Russia.
Txhua xyoo lub tuam txhab nteg tawm ntau qhov kev sim demo thoob plaws hauv peb lub tebchaws (hauv xyoo 2020, ntau tshaj 200 daim phiaj tau muab tso rau hauv 30 thaj tsam rau qos yaj ywm ib leeg). Qhov kev ua haujlwm no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm ntau yam hauv ntau yam av, huab cua thiab agrotechnical.
Cov txheej txheem ntau yam yog dav heev; Lavxias teb sab cov qos yaj ywm cog tau paub zoo rau ntau yam xws li BELMOND, LILLY, RED LADY, RODRIGA, QUEEN ANNA, LYUDMILA (rau kev ua rau Fabkis fries), VERDI thiab OPAL (rau kev tsim cov chips).
Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham ntau yam ntxiv txog ob hom lus nrov.
Poj huab tais ANNE
Cov ntau yam belongs rau pab pawg neeg thaum ntxov ripeness, loj hlob lub caij: 70-80 hnub txij li thaum lub sij hawm tshwm sim. Hauv Xeev Sau Npe txij li xyoo 2015.
Cov ntau yam muaj lub npe ambition thiab tag nrho justifies nws. Nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyog rau kev ntxuav, ntxuav thiab ntim khoom. Cov tawv nqaij xim yog daj, qhov muag yog superficial. Tubers yog elongated oval nyob rau hauv cov duab, heev txawm. Cov xim ntawm lub pulp yog daj.
Characterized los ntawm saj zoo heev. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm starch 13-15%.
Qhov ntau yam yog multi-tuberous (txog 20 pieces ib Bush), high-yielding (yield 50-65 t / ha). Kev ua lag luam: 82-96%. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub khw muag khoom yog, qhov nruab nrab, los ntawm 84 mus rau 140 g.
Haum rau kev khaws cia ntev, lub neej txee zoo heev - txog 93%.
Nta ntawm Agricultural Technology:
Cov ntau yam tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua ntej germination ntawm noob; kev siv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yog txaus.
Qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov av teeb lossis nruab nrab.
Qhov sib zog ntawm cov av, qhov ntau dua qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tubers yuav tsum yog. Qhov pom zoo cog qhov tob yog 2-3 cm tob tshaj li niaj zaus, nrog rau qhov siab ntawm 18-20 cm rau saum.
Hauv thaj av Dub ntiaj teb, kev tiv thaiv rhizoctonia yuav tsum tau ua.
Qe ntawm QUEEN ANNA ntau yam tsis pom zoo kom overfed nrog nitrogen; koob tshuaj nitrogen chiv yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm 20% ntawm cov cai.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub sijhawm pib sau qoob loo: ob lub lis piam yog lub sijhawm tsawg kawg ua ntej pib ua haujlwm tom qab desiccation, tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua qhov kev sim khawb kom paub tseeb tias cov tev tau tsim thiab muaj zog. Nws tseem tsis tau pom zoo kom ua kev ntxuav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los yog kub.
Cov ntau yam tau pom zoo rau kev cog qoob loo hauv North-Western, Central, Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, North Caucasus, Middle Volga, West thiab East Siberian cheeb tsam. Txij li thaum 2021, nws kuj tau zoned rau thaj tsam Ural.
Qib thib ob hauv kev tshuaj xyuas hnub no yog LABELLA. Nws belongs rau qeb ntawm nruab nrab-thaum ntxov, loj hlob lub caij: 75-85 hnub txij li lub sijhawm tshwm sim.
Nws muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tsaug rau nws cov nplua nuj sib sib zog nqus liab xim. Lub qhov muag yog superficial, nqaij yog daj. Nws yog nto moo rau nws cov saj zoo heev, hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog 15-18%. Haum rau kev ntxuav thiab ntim khoom.
Qhov ntau yam yog high-yielding (nruab nrab ntsuas: los ntawm 46 mus rau 60 t / ha). Tuber tso: los ntawm 14 mus rau 18. Marketability: 91-92%. Qhov hnyav ntawm tuber khw muag khoom: los ntawm 78 mus rau 102 g.
Qhia tau zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm cia, txee lub neej yog 98%.
Nta ntawm Agricultural Technology:
Qhov ntau yam yog tsim rau kev loj hlob ntawm yuav luag txhua hom av, vim nws tsis kam mus khawb thiab tsaus nti, txawm li cas los xij, ntawm lub teeb xau thaum lub sij hawm qhuav, watering raws sij hawm yog tsim nyog los nce yield.
Ib tug txawv feature ntawm tubers yog lawv ob daim tawv nqaij (piv txwv li, daim tawv nqaij nrog ib tug subrind). Vim li no, ntau yam yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab rau kev puas tsuaj, txawm hais tias nws tseem nyiam ua kev sau qoob loo.
Yuav kom tau txais kev sau ua ntej, cov khoom siv ntawm cov noob ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsum tau germinated.
LABELLA tsis nkag siab rau metribuzin thaum kho tom qab tshwm sim.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib txheej waxy yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev; peb mus rau plaub txoj kev kho tshuaj tua kab yog tsim nyog.
Rau kev tsim cov noob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum pib hnav khaub ncaws thaum 30% ntawm cov yub tshwm thiab rov ua dua txhua 7 hnub.
Thaum muaj kev hem thawj ntawm aphid kab mob, kev siv tshuaj tua kab yog qhia.
Kev kho mob raws sij hawm tiv thaiv Alternaria raug pom zoo. Qhov ntau yam muaj qhov nruab nrab tsis kam mus rau lig blight (5 tawm ntawm 9 ntsiab lus), yog li koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau kev kho mob tawm tsam lig blight.
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm ntau yam, cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom cov cog qoob loo (thaum loj hlob rau lub rooj hom phiaj) thiab ua haujlwm zoo nrog nitrogen. Qhov piv ntawm kev siv tshuaj nitrogen thiab potassium (1: 2) yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tsis txhob overdo nws nrog nitrogen kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawg thiab hollowing.
Cov ntau yam tau sau npe nyob rau hauv Central, North Caucasus, Middle Volga thiab Ural cheeb tsam.