Qos yaj ywm tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov zaub mov carbohydrate rau tib neeg, tab sis kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab rau ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam. A&M AgriLife Texas cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm yuav ua li cas hloov qhov piv ntawm ob lub hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov qos yaj ywm - amylose thiab amylopectin - txhawm rau ua kom cov qoob loo ua zaub mov thiab kev lag luam.
Piv txwv li, waxy qos yaj ywm uas muaj cov ntsiab lus amylopectin siab yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov bioplastics, khoom noj khoom haus additives, adhesives, thiab cawv.
Ob daim ntawv tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv International Journal of Molecular Sciences thiab Plant Cell, Tissue thiab Organ Culture tshawb nrhiav seb CRISPR thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem txhim kho kev siv qos yaj ywm.
Ob daim ntawv no suav nrog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm Stephanie Toinga, Ph.D., uas yog ib tus menyuam kawm tiav hauv chav kuaj ntawm Kirti Rathor, Ph.D., AgriLife Plant Biotechnologist ntawm Texas A&M Plant Genomics thiab Biotechnology Institute thiab Department of Soils. Kuj tseem sau ob daim ntawv yog Isabelle Weils, PhD, AgriLife Research qos yaj ywm yug ntawm Texas A&M Department of Horticultural Science.
"Cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev paub uas peb tau txais los ntawm ob qhov kev tshawb fawb no yuav pab peb qhia lwm yam kev xav tau rau hauv cov qoob loo tseem ceeb no," Rathor hais.
Qos yaj ywm Facts
Cov qos yaj ywm loj hlob hauv ntau dua 160 lub teb chaws ntawm 40,8 lab daim av thiab yog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau ntau tshaj li ib lab tus tib neeg.
Ib lub qos yaj ywm nruab nrab muaj txog 160 calories, feem ntau tau los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, Rathor hais tias, yog vim li cas cov tubers yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog rau ntau tus neeg thoob ntiaj teb. Qos yaj ywm kuj muaj lwm yam khoom noj tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov vitamins thiab minerals.
Cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj haus thiab kev siv khoom lag luam.
Tus nqi ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov qos yaj ywm tubers yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab siv cov qos yaj ywm.
Cov qos yaj ywm muaj hmoov txhuv nplej siab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom noj xws li french fries, chips thiab qos yaj ywm qhuav, Wales hais.
Cov qos yaj ywm qis thiab nruab nrab feem ntau siv cov qos yaj ywm tshiab los yog cov qos yaj ywm, nws hais. Rau kev noj cov tubers tshiab, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntxiv yog cov tsos ntawm tuber, nrog rau kev ntxhib los mos ntawm daim tawv nqaij, xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij, xim nqaij tawv, thiab cov duab tuber. Tsis ntev los no, tshwj xeeb ntau yam ntawm qos yaj ywm ntawm ntau yam duab tau tshwm sim, xws li menyuam yaus; nrog liab, ntshav los yog daj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab nqaij yog ua nrov vim lawv qhov yooj yim ntawm kev npaj thiab nce khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ethanol tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov qos yaj ywm starch rau roj lossis dej cawv; biodegradable yas hloov; los yog adhesives, binders, texturing agents thiab fillers rau kws tshuaj, textile, ntoo thiab ntawv industries thiab lwm yam sectors ntawm kev lag luam.
Rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov nyiaj thiab hom hmoov txhuv nplej siab hauv cov qos yaj ywm.
Toinga ntseeg hais tias cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab amylopectin yog qhov xav tau rau cov khoom noj thiab lwm yam kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab zoo li no yog daim ntawv nyiam siv los ua kom ruaj khov thiab thickener hauv cov khoom noj thiab ua ib qho emulsifier hauv cov zaub xam lav. Vim nws khov-thaw stability, amylopectin starch yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qos yaj ywm nplua nuj nyob rau hauv amylopectin starch tsim cov ethanol ntau dua piv rau cov qos yaj ywm nrog lwm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Qos Qos Qos Qos Qos Nrog Xaiv Cov Starch
Toinga hais tias kev tsim cov qos yaj ywm ntau yam nrog hloov cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem qhib qhov muaj peev xwm tshiab. Cov qos yaj ywm uas muaj amylopectin siab thiab qis hauv amylose, xws li cov noob hloov kho Yukon kub nws tau piav qhia hauv International Journal of Molecular Sciences, muaj kev lag luam siv tshaj li lawv cov kev siv ib txwm muaj.
Hauv qhov sib piv, cov qos yaj ywm nrog cov qib amylose siab thiab qis amylopectin yuav xav tau rau tib neeg noj, Wales tau hais. Amylose ua zoo li fiber ntau thiab tsis tso cov piam thaj yooj yim li amylopectin, ua rau qis glycemic Performance index thiab ua qos yaj ywm ntau palatable rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
CRISPR/Cas9 tsim cov cib fim tshiab
CRISPR/Cas9 thev naus laus zis tau nthuav dav cov cuab yeej muaj rau cov neeg yug tsiaj thiab muab kev ncaj ncees thiab nrawm dua ntawm kev sib txuas cov yam ntxwv xav tau rau hauv cov khoom lag luam nrov, Weils sau ntawv. Kev cog qoob loo ib txwm muaj yog txheej txheem ntev uas tuaj yeem siv sijhawm 10-15 xyoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov qos yaj ywm genome, tsim ntau yam tshiab nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xav tau zoo yog qhov nyuaj rau kev yug me nyuam, nws hais. Molecular technologies tau nce qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev xaiv, thiab cov noob hloov kho siv CRISPR/Cas9 thev naus laus zis ntxiv lwm txheej txheej nyuaj.
Txhim kho ntau yam Yukon kub
Ntawm cov qos yaj ywm ntau yam tau soj ntsuam hauv thawj txoj kev tshawb fawb, Yukon Gold rov tsim dua qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog li nws tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb thib ob. Qhov tshwm sim yog qos yaj ywm nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm amylopectin thiab cov ntsiab lus tsawg ntawm amylose hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab.
Toinga tau hais tias "Ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag tawg, T2-7, pom kev loj hlob zoo thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tab sis tsis muaj amylose kiag li," Toinga hais.
Tuber starch, T2-7, muaj cov ntawv thov kev lag luam hauv cov ntawv thiab textile kev lag luam ua cov nplaum / khi, bioplastic, thiab ethanol ntau lawm. Tuber starch ntawm cov qauv kev sim no, vim nws tsis kam ua kom khov thiab thawing yam tsis xav tau kev hloov kho tshuaj, yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim cov khoom noj khov. Qos yaj ywm nrog amylopectin raws li tib daim ntawv ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab yuav tsum tau tsim ntau ethanol rau kev lag luam siv los yog tsim cov dej cawv.
Raws li cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv cov kev tshawb fawb no, kev nkag mus rau T2-7 yog tus kheej-pollinated thiab hla nrog tus neeg pub hom ntawm Yukon Kub thiab lwm cov qos yaj ywm clones kom tshem tawm cov khoom hloov pauv.