Ekaterina Kudashkina, Tus Neeg Sib Tw ntawm Agricultural Sciences
Cov kws tshaj lij hu ua qos yaj ywm yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Hauv 2021 lub caij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qos yaj ywm loj hlob mus txog qib siab heev vim qhov nce hauv kev lag luam tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus muaj peev xwm them taus ib qho kev lees paub ntawm cov qos yaj ywm zoo: cov qoob loo xav tau kev nqis peev ntawm ntau cov peev txheej, suav nrog kev siv cov khoom kim heev rau kev pub mis thiab kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws lub caij cog qoob loo. Cov nqi no ncaj ncees npaum li cas?
Hauv 2020-2021 xyoo peb nyob hauv lub tuam txhab Agroliga LLC tau ua ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim cov kev sim ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias cov qos yaj ywm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog kev rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas qhov xav tau thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev qhia txog lub tswv yim pub mis rau Arizona ware qos yaj ywm nrog kev npaj ntawm Spanish ntau lawm ntawm lub tuam txhab Agritecno.
Nyob rau hauv 2021 xyoo Qhov kev pab cuam qos yaj ywm noj tau siv los ntawm K (F) X Yuzefov Nikolay Nikolaevich (Rostov cheeb tsam, Semikarakorsk koog tsev kawm ntawv). Lub tuam txhab suav nrog TOP-10 cov qos yaj ywm loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Los ntawm no, koj xav tias qhov kev ua liaj ua teb no yog peb kauj ruam ua ntej ntawm ntau lwm tus: pab neeg ua haujlwm ncaj ncees, qhov ntsuas rau txhua haiv neeg yog siab. Tus tswv ntawm lub tuam txhab, Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov, muab peb nrog ib qho chaw sim rau kev sib koom ua lag luam kev tshawb fawb. Nws muaj txoj hauj lwm zoo kawg nkaus: "Nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog nws tsa tau ntau npaum li cas, tab sis nws tau noj pes tsawg."
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog kom tau txais ib tug siab yield ntawm zoo ware qos qos yaj ywm nrog ib tug zoo rov qab ntawm peev thiab ntxiv net profit.
Kev sim teb nrog kev siv Agritecno kev npaj tau ua tiav ntawm ib daim phiaj ntawm 40 hectares, Arizona qos yaj ywm tau loj hlob rau saum npoo av. Lub caij ntuj no nplej yog lub forerunner nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, 600 kg / ha ntawm diammofoska tau thov rau plowing, tom qab ntawd los ntawm txoj kev tsim. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, ua ntej cog, diammophoska 200 kg / ha tau qhia, ua ntej hilling - ammonium nitrate 150 kg / ha.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev paub dhau los tau muab rau hauv cov lus No 1
Rau presowing kev kho mob ntawm tubers, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab thiab fungicides siv los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, kev npaj Tekamin Rais Plus thiab Controlfit Cu tau siv.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuajTekamin Rais » rau qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm pre-sowing kev kho mob nws accelerates lub tsim ntawm lub hauv paus system ntawm tuber, uas muab kev ywj pheej cog khoom noj khoom haus.
Ib tug tshuaj "Controlfit Cu» (tooj liab) yog tsim los ua kom cov nroj tsuag tiv taus cov kab mob fungal thiab kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem ntawm tuber germination. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov ua haujlwm ntawm fungicidal, tooj liab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis hauv cov nroj tsuag vegetative. Lub peculiarity ntawm "Controlfit Cu" yog hais tias lub active tshuaj txav los ntawm lub xylem thiab phloem, systemically tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag (a.i. tooj liab gluconate yog tib daim ntawv ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag). Cov chiv tsis muaj analogues hauv Russia thiab yog 100% tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
"Controlfit Cu» Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kho mob ntxiv thaum lub caij cog qoob loo, qhov ntau npaum li cas txawv nyob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag: rau kev hnav khaub ncaws tubers thiab lub sij hawm tom qab flowering, 1 l / ha yog siv, thiab thaum lub sij hawm loj budding, 2 l / ha. Kuv nco ntsoov tias cov theem ntawm cov qoob loo loj tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm huab cua tsis zoo nyob hauv peb cheeb tsam - nws tau los nag hnyav, thiab cov qos yaj ywm saum toj no muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua vim dej nkag.
Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuajControlfit Cu» - compatibility nrog fungicides thiab insecticides. Ntau tus neeg cog qoob loo ntshai ntxiv tooj liab rau lawv txoj kev kho tuber thiab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj tsuag. Raws li kev paub dhau los ntawm tus kheej, kuv xav hais ntxiv tias tom qab ua haujlwm tiav, tsis yog nyob rau hauv chav tsev daws teeb meem lossis hauv lub tank sprayer tsis muaj nag lossis daus. Peb tau ua haujlwm nrog qhov kev npaj ntawm qos yaj ywm rau ob xyoos tam sim no, thiab nws ib txwm ruaj khov. Qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub yog qhov yooj yim - ib qho qauv zoo ntawm cov tshuaj thiab qhov tseeb ib ntus thaum sib xyaw - "Controlfit Cu» ntxiv rau cov dej npaj ua ntej SZR, vim nws yog cov organic npaj.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab tswvyim, tom qab kev kho mob ntawm tubers, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj tua kab, cov nram qab no chiv tau ntxiv rau foliar zaub mov ntawm qos yaj ywm:
1. "Tekamin Max Plus » - tau siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob qos yaj ywm, tsuas yog cov tshuaj hloov pauv. Lawv tau siv fractionally 6 zaug ntawm 0,5 l / ha, tag nrho ntawm 3 l / ha thaum lub caij loj hlob. Cov tshuaj yog siv los qhib kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai, tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv (yog tias muaj kev ntxhov siab tshwm sim tom qab kev kho mob nrog tshuaj. "Tekamin Max") thiab kho cov nroj tsuag tom qab muaj kev ntxhov siab (yog tias kev kho mob tom qab muaj kev ntxhov siab). "Tecamin Max Plus" tsis yog tsuas yog ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm foliar hnav khaub ncaws, txhim kho lawv cov txiaj ntsig, tab sis kuj ntxiv cov khoom noj khoom haus sib xyaw nrog cov amino acids tsim nyog rau cov nroj tsuag, thiab tseem muab cov nroj tsuag nrog kev thauj cov ntxhia hauv cov as-ham. Qhov pom kev ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm "Tecamin Max Plus" yog qhia meej nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub saum toj kawg nkaus ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nce nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm cov xim ntawm nplooj thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug noj qab haus huv tsos ntawm Bush. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhim kho dav dav ntawm cov nplooj saum npoo yog qhov tsim ntawm cov qoob loo loj dua.
Cov tshuaj yog kiag li environmentally friendly vim cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm. Cov ntsiab lus ntau ntxiv ntawm cov organic tshuaj (60%) thiab dawb L-amino acids ntawm zaub keeb kwm (12%) txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, accelerates kev loj hlob ntawm tubers thiab txhim kho lawv zoo, uas thaum kawg ua rau kom tau ib tug homogeneous qos feem. .
2. "Teknokel Amino B (boron) Plus" - nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm budding - pib ntawm flowering 1 l / ha rau kev loj hlob ntawm tua thiab cov hauv paus system, kev tiv thaiv ntawm scab, raws li zoo raws li ib tug balanced noj zaub mov, vim nws tsis muaj peev xwm txo qhov nqus ntawm nitrogen thiab calcium. Peb pab "Teknokel Amino B» precisely ntawm lub sij hawm tseem ceeb rau qos yaj ywm nroj tsuag, txij li thaum boron yog ob qho tib si chiv thiab ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev tiv thaiv lig blight.
Cais, kuv yuav qhia txog: ua tsaug rau FASTB thev naus laus zis patented©️ Cov organic molecule ntawm cov tshuaj "Teknokel Amino Bor Plus" tiv thaiv kev txuas ntawm boron mus rau lub cell membrane thiab ua rau nws mobile, tiv thaiv ntxiv boron deficiency.
3. "Teknokel Amino Sa (calcium) Plus" - fractionally 1 l / ha ntawm qhov kawg ntawm flowering mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub tuber loj hlob lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho lub tev thiab khaws cia zoo, vim hais tias cov sau tau npaj rau tso. Qhov zoo "Teknokel Amino Sa » yog precisely tias nws muaj boron. Boron koom nrog hauv kev txav ntawm calcium hauv cov nroj tsuag; calcium nws tus kheej tsis ua haujlwm.
4. "Teknokel Amino Mix (mix) Plus" - 1 l / ha kom tshem tawm cov micronutrient deficiency thiab ua kom cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kab mob thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob tuber. Qhov no qhia txog micronutrient deficiency corrector nrog dawb amino acids ntawm cov nroj tsuag keeb kwm pab tiv thaiv latent starvation ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub generative theem, ua los ntawm lub enzyme system thiab stimulates cog kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm generative kab mob.
5. "Controlfit RK" (potassium phosphite) - 1 l / ha kom txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob fungal. Nws yog cov khoom noj ceev ceev ntawm phosphorus-potassium, nws muaj 30% phosphorus thiab 20% potassium.
Peb qhov kev paub dhau los kuj txawv ntawm qhov uas peb siv cov organic npaj "Kev Txom Nyem Ib plus" (5 l / ha nyob rau hauv tag nrho rau lub caij loj hlob, feem) - rau tua 10-15 cm thiab tom qab 2 lub lis piam.
Ib xyoo dhau los, hauv Potato System magazine No. 1/2021, kuv tau muab piv txwv txog nws cov txiaj ntsig. Qhov teeb meem ntawm salinity yog cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov liaj teb nrog irrigation, yog li kuv xav kom noj cov chiv no rau hauv kev ncig. Lub zog ntawm "Agriful" yog dab tsi? Nws yog siv rau fertigation raws li lub hauv paus biostimulator thiab av biofeed. "Agriful" tsis tso cai rau cov av ua saline thiab txo nws cov hluav taws xob conductivity nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus cheeb tsam.
Vim li cas thiaj them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rauAgriful"? Betaines nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg pab tswj lub siab osmotic nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, yog li txhim kho cov muaj as-ham. "Agriful" txhawb nqa kev nqus ntawm macronutrients, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev nce nqi thiab cov khoom siv tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov ntxhia chiv.
Fulvic acids thiab organic tshuaj ua haujlwm kom cov nroj tsuag tsim tau zoo. "Agriful" tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si rau drip irrigation thiab rau sprinkling. Peb thov Agriful nrog lub taub ntim loj (rau UAN) ob zaug ntawm 2,5 l / ha nrog cov kua dej ua haujlwm ntawm 300 l / ha thiab tom qab ntawd tig lub tshuab ua dej. Kuj yog ib txoj kev nthuav thiab zoo - tsis muaj qhov kub hnyiab, nws yog cov organic ntshiab. Cov nroj tsuag tau noj cov zaub mov no zoo heev. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam - cov qauv ntawm cov av tau txhim kho, lub ntiaj teb tau dhau los ua looser.
Txij li thaum qos yaj ywm xav tau ntau yam kev kho mob hauv ib lub caij, qhov zoo ntawm kev txau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev tswj pH thiab dej hardness.
Cov dej khov muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau:
- a.i. efficiency tshuaj tua kab (tshwj xeeb, fungicides - qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov nqi loj tshaj plaws rau cov qos yaj ywm): vim dej tawv, lawv raug alkaline hydrolysis;
- sprayer nozzles: lawv txhaws thiab ua rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm qeeb.
Cov cua txias yog siv los daws cov teeb meem no.Kev ntsuas pH ". Nws khi hardness ntsev kom lawv tsis ua alkaline hydrolysis. "Teknofit pH" ib txhij acidifies alkaline thiab softens cov dej nyuaj, txo qhov nro ntawm dej, txhim kho kev nkag mus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm daws rau hauv daim ntawv thiab tshem tawm foaming.
Cov xim qhia xim xim cov dej thaum lub acidity hloov pauv, uas ua rau nws yooj yim los txiav txim siab npaum li cas yam tsis tas siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Kuv yuav hais ntxiv: nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab tshwj xeeb hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj ua haujlwm, tej zaum yuav muaj cov subtleties, yog li koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo nyeem daim ntawv lo ntawm txhua cov tshuaj thiab ua haujlwm los txhim kho cov dej zoo. Txawv teb chaws, twb muaj xws li ib tug xyaum - qhov zoo tshaj pH ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tov yog sau rau ntawm canisters. Peb cia siab tias cov tuam txhab Lavxias kuj tseem tuaj rau qhov no sai sai.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 24, 2021, ua ke nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, peb tau tswj hwm kev khawb los ntawm 1,5 linear meters, hnyav thiab tso cov tubers (Daim duab 1).
Peb pom dab tsi? Loj tawm los ntawm nruab nrab feem ntawm qos yaj ywm nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim zajlus. Ua ntej sau ob lub hlis - tubers yuav nce hnyav ntxiv.
Kev tu vaj tse tau ua thaum Lub Kaum Hli 18-23, 2021.
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sau qoob loo ntawm kev sim thiab tswj cov phiaj xwm, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ua tsaug rau qhov kev pab cuam khoom noj khoom haus tshiab, peb tuaj yeem txuag tau ntxiv 4,9 tons ib 1 ha rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov qos yaj ywm los ntawm kev sim zaj duab xis yog 70,1 t / ha, los ntawm cov phiaj xwm tswj - 65,2 t / ha (Table No. 2).
Rooj 2. Qos yaj ywm tawm los
huv si, ha | Cov khoom lag luam loj, t | Kev tsim khoom, t / ha | |
Tswj (20 ha) | 5,27 | 343,7 | 65,2 |
Kev paub (40 ha) | 8,25 | 578,4 | 70,1 |
Kuv xav qhia kuv txoj kev ris txiaj rau tus tswv ntawm lub tuam txhab Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov thiab tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub teb rau txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib koom ua lag luam. Sergey Alekseevich Voronov, Thawj Tswj Hwm; Petr Yurievich Khmyz, foreman-qos grower; Evgeny Vladimirovich Ustinov, agronomist, yog cov kws tshaj lij hauv lawv daim teb!
Cov nyiaj tau los ntxiv (nqi, tsis suav nrog kev nqis peev) thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob loo thaum kawg Lub Kaum Hli 2021 yog 143 rubles / ha, nrog kev nqis peev hauv kev npaj ntawm 300 rubles / ha thiab tus nqi ntawm qos yaj ywm 13 rubles / kg.
Xaus: Txoj kev npaj khoom noj khoom haus tau npaj ua kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, muab lub sijhawm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ob qho tib si ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev lag luam. Qhov no yog qhov kev lees paub tshiab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev loj hlob rau koj lub tuam txhab thiab.